Effect of NH[sub 3] on Deposition from Alkaline Electroless Nickel and Cobalt Plating Baths

Alberts, G.; Wright, R. H.; Parker, CB

doi:10.1149/1.2424091

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To ensure a uniform initial surface, samples were wet-polished smooth using 240grit SiC emery paper and rinsed in distilled water. The alkaline deposition baths used for the electroless cladding of Ni-P, Tables II and 3, are similar to other conventional electroless Ni-P formulations [19][20][21][22] and contain only the ingredients listed.In this paper, 'polished' samples designate those samples that were dry polished in open atmosphere using 240grit SiC emery paper immediately before deposition so as to minimize the formation of an oxide/hydroxide layer. The polishing was done such that minimal heating of the sample occurred in order to not further promote the formation of the insulating oxide layer.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Direct Electroless Deposition of Low Phosphorous Ni-P Films on AZ91D Mg Alloy

Petro

Schlesinger

2012

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Magnesium metal and its alloys are known to have excellent physical and mechanical properties suitable for a number of industrial and technological applications. Yet due to their highly reactive nature, magnesium alloys have continued to see little industrial use. This paper demonstrates an extension of the recently introduced, novel method established to deposit electroless Cu films on Mg alloys to the next step of direct electroless deposition of nickel phosphorous [Ni-P] and nickel-zinc-phosphorous [Ni-Zn-P] alloy films on polished AZ91D magnesium alloys. These reasonably adhered, quick depositing, continuous, low phosphorous, electroless coatings contain phosphorous, atomically, at, or below, 10% due to the use of an alkaline deposition bath.Magnesium [Mg] is an abundant, light, easily machined, and recyclable metal that possesses relative properties (property/density) equal to or better than most competitive materials. Mg alloys possess a specific strength (strength to weight ratio) between 2/3 and 3/4 that of aluminum, and a relative yield strength twice that of steel, ideal for many industrial applications. Despite many potential applications for Mg alloys in the automotive and aerospace industries, and well known beneficial properties including high thermal conductivity, high dimensional stability, and good electromagnetic shielding characteristics, 1 its industrial use is relatively scarce due to high reactivity, poor wear properties, and susceptibility to galvanic corrosion. 2,3 Galvanic coupling, and corrosion, is the primary concern regarding the industrial implementation of Mg and its alloys. Mg alloys readily form galvanic cells when brought into contact with a dissimilar metal in the presence of an electrolyte. It has been found that the ideal guard against the formation of galvanic cells is the isolation of the Mg alloy from the electrolyte and dissimilar metal by a metallic cladding; preferably one that forms an inter-metallic bond with the Mg-based substrate and retains the bulk conductivity of the Mg alloy.In addition to the formation of galvanic cells, the high activity of Mg alloys allows for the rapid formation of an oxide/hydroxide surface layer when exposed to air or water, often necessitating treatments prior to deposition, 4 commonly known as pre-treatment regiments, to ensure coating adhesion and/or uniformity. Common treatments include surface conversions 5,6 and organic coatings, 7,8 most of which result in the formation of an insulating layer between the Mg alloy substrate and the cladding. Additionally, a large variety of pre-treatment procedures are complex 9-11 requiring many different techniques and must be conducted carefully for optimum results. Others, especially those for electroless nickel [Ni] deposition, require the use of dangerous hydrofluoric acid [HF] 12,13 and/or hexavalent chromium [Cr 6+ ], 14,15 while others, such as the application of an organosilicon heat-resisting varnish interlayer, 16,17 ignore the bulk conductivity of the substrate, electrically isolating it...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Electroless Deposition of Low Phosphorous Ni-P Films on AZ91D Mg Alloy

Petro

Schlesinger

2012

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…The accelerating effect of Co electroless deposition was formerly observed by Alberts et al [9]. Interestingly, after their conclusions, they made a final remark by saying that "New or modified techniques will have to be used to study the rate and magnetic variations caused by NH 3 and to improve the understanding of the deposition processes".…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Many different additives such as acetate, lactate, citrate, succinate or glycolate were already tested for Co deposition [8], and ammonium salts are normally used as alkaline buffers [9]. Dimethylaminoborane (DMAB) is the most used reducing agent as it can be employed in both alkaline and acidic baths [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Ammonia on the Electroless Deposition of CoB Alloys from Alkaline Citrate containing Baths

Ribeiro

Frank

Sumodjo

2014

Electrochimica Acta

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“…The deposition rate of alkaline electroless nickel baths relatively unaffected by bath pH within the normal range employed [31]. The baths are usually maintained at the proper pH by addition of ammonium hydroxide to replace evaporated ammonia and to neutralize acid produced by the deposition reaction.…”

Section: Effect Of Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroless deposition of ternary Ni–P alloy coatings containing tungsten or nano-scattered alumina composite on steel

Hamdy

Shoeib

Hady³

et al. 2007

J Appl Electrochem

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The performance of ternary electroless deposited Ni-P-W and Ni-P-alumina composite coatings on low carbon steel substrates was studied. The effect of experimental parameters, such as temperature, pH, nickel sulfate concentration, sodium hypophosphite concentration, sodium citrate concentration, and deposition time on the deposition rate were investigated. The coating brightness, coherence, and uniform surface distribution were improved due to addition of W and alumina. The coating performance was evaluated based on the wear-resistance, micro-hardness, and corrosion resistance. The Ni-P-W ternary alloy coatings showed the highest micro hardness, wear-resistance, brightness, and corrosion resistance. The improvement in the performance of Ni-P-W coatings can be explained by the formation of a tungsten phosphide phase.

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Effect of NH[sub 3] on Deposition from Alkaline Electroless Nickel and Cobalt Plating Baths

Cited by 14 publications

References 3 publications

Direct Electroless Deposition of Low Phosphorous Ni-P Films on AZ91D Mg Alloy

Direct Electroless Deposition of Low Phosphorous Ni-P Films on AZ91D Mg Alloy

The Influence of Ammonia on the Electroless Deposition of CoB Alloys from Alkaline Citrate containing Baths

Electroless deposition of ternary Ni–P alloy coatings containing tungsten or nano-scattered alumina composite on steel

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