Effect of natural ventilation and manual airing on indoor air quality in naturally ventilated Italian classrooms

Stabile, Luca; Dell’Isola, Marco; Frattolillo, Andrea; Massimo, Angelamaria; Russi, Aldo Giovanni Giuliano

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.01.009

Cited by 95 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The lung deposited particle surface area concentrations at the mainstream, regardless of the deposition in the lung tract, are extremely higher than particle concentration levels which people are exposed to in typical indoor, outdoor, and occupational environments [49,56,[66][67][68][69][70][71][72], thereby resulting in extremely high doses received by smokers as hereinafter reported.…”

Section: Alveolar and Tracheobronchial Deposited Particle Surface Arementioning

confidence: 96%

Tracheobronchial and Alveolar Particle Surface Area Doses in Smokers

et al. 2017

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Cigarette smoke is the main cause of lung cancer events. Mainstream cigarette smoke (MSS) is a direct concern for smokers, but also the secondhand smoke (SHS) contributes to the smoker exposure. In addition, smoker exposure is affected by the "free-smoke" particle exposure (B), related to the micro-environments where smokers spend time. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the daily alveolar and tracheobronchial deposited fractions of airborne particles for smokers as the sum of these three contributions: MSS, SHS, and B. Measurements of particle surface area distributions in the MSS were performed through a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer, an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer, and a Thermo-dilution system on five types of conventional cigarettes. A Monte Carlo method was then applied to evaluate the most probable value of dose received during the inhalation of MSS by smokers. Measurements of particle concentrations in SHS and at the "free-smoke" particle background (B) were performed through 24-h monitoring at a personal scale of adult smoker through hand-held devices. This paper found that the total daily deposited dose for typical smokers was 1.03 × 10 5 mm 2 ·day −1 . The main contribution of such a huge daily dose was addressable to the MSS (98%) while SHS contributed 1.1%, increasing up to 2% for people smoking only while traveling in a car.

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Section: Alveolar and Tracheobronchial Deposited Particle Surface Arementioning

confidence: 96%

Tracheobronchial and Alveolar Particle Surface Area Doses in Smokers

et al. 2017

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“…Ventilation was controlled opening doors and windows [7,24], as way to control contaminant levels in classrooms [37]. In last two decades, the use of mechanical ventilation systems has been extended to achieve IAQ saving heating energy [38] promoted by favourable technical regulations.…”

Section: Mechanical Systems In Schoolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural ventilation systems to enhance sustainability in buildings: a review towards zero energy buildings in schools

et al. 2017

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Abstract. European regulations set the condition of Zero Energy Buildings for new buildings since 2020, with an intermediate milestone in 2018 for public buildings, in order to control greenhouse gases emissions control and climate change mitigation. Given that main fraction of energy consumption in buildings operation is due to HVAC systems, advances in its design and operation conditions are required. One key element for energy demand control is passive design of buildings. On this purpose, different recent studies and publications analyse natural ventilation systems potential to provide indoor air quality and comfort conditions minimizing electric power consumption. In these passive systems are of special relevance their capacities as passive cooling systems as well as air renovation systems, especially in high-density occupied spaces. With adequate designs, in warm/mild climates natural ventilation systems can be used along the whole year, maintaining indoor air quality and comfort conditions with small support of other heating/cooling systems. In this paper is analysed the state of the art of natural ventilation systems applied to high density occupied spaces with special focus on school buildings. The paper shows the potential and applicability of these systems for energy savings and discusses main criteria for their adequate integration in school building designs.

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“…Particulate pollutants were not taken into account during the analysis because they are nearly completely eliminated by the inlet filters regardless of whether air is taken in by mechanical ventilation or natural ventilation. Therefore, when defining the minimum ventilation airflow, carbon dioxide concentration and the relative humidity of the air are the primary indicators of air pollution inside a living space [32]. Air humidity affects only the flow of ventilation air being removed from bathrooms or kitchens.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimisation of Heat Loss through Ventilation for Residential Buildings

Suszanowicz

2018

Atmosphere

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This study presents the results of research on heat loss from various types of residential buildings through ventilation systems. Experimental research was done to analyse the effectiveness of ventilation systems of different types and determine the parameters of air discharged via the ventilation ducts. A model of heat loss from the discharge of exhaust air outside through air ducts has since been developed. Experiments were conducted on three experimental systems of building ventilation: gravitational, mechanical, and supply-exhaust ventilation systems with heat recovery. The proposed model dependencies were used to chart the daily fluctuations of the optimum multiplicity of air exchange for precise control of the parameters of mechanical ventilation systems in residential buildings. This study proves that natural ventilation in residential buildings fulfils its function only by increasing the air flow into the building, and that this incurs significant heat loss from buildings during the heating season.

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Effect of natural ventilation and manual airing on indoor air quality in naturally ventilated Italian classrooms

Cited by 95 publications

References 48 publications

Tracheobronchial and Alveolar Particle Surface Area Doses in Smokers

Tracheobronchial and Alveolar Particle Surface Area Doses in Smokers

Natural ventilation systems to enhance sustainability in buildings: a review towards zero energy buildings in schools

Optimisation of Heat Loss through Ventilation for Residential Buildings

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