Effect of Nanosheet Surface Structure of Titanium Alloys on Cell Differentiation

Abstract

Titanium alloys are the most frequently used dental implants partly because of the protective oxide coating that spontaneously forms on their surface. We fabricated titania nanosheet (TNS) structures on titanium surfaces by NaOH treatment to improve bone differentiation on titanium alloy implants. The cellular response to TNSs on Ti6Al4V alloy was investigated, and the ability of the modified surfaces to affect osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow cells and increase the success rate of titanium implants was evaluated. The nanoscale network structures formed by alkali etching markedly enhanced the functions of cell adhesion and osteogenesis-related gene expression of rat bone marrow cells. Other cell behaviors, such as proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin deposition, and mineralization, were also markedly increased in TNS-modified Ti6Al4V. Our results suggest that titanium implants modified with nanostructures promote osteogenic differentiation, which may improve the biointegration of these implants into the alveolar bone.

Bioactivity of Titanium Surface Nanostructures Following Chemical Processing and Heat Treatment

“…We found that the TNS on the titanium alloy surface leads to the regulation of osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow cells and enhances mineralization 5) . We then selected a heating temperature of around 600°C based on a study by Kim 7) .…”

“…Surfaces with nanostructures are well-known to possess increased surface area compared with those without such features 5,6,16) .…”

“…Although titanium-6-aluminium-4-vanadium (Ti6Al4V) alloy has been used most frequently as a biomaterial, Al is suspected to cause nervous and mental diseases and V is suspected to cause serious damage to the surrounding organization and cells when accumulated because of strong cellular toxicity. In a recent study, we found TNS-modified titanium alloy surfaces induce RBM cell bone differentiation 5) .…”

“…It has also been shown that treatment with NaOH aqueous solution produces a rough, nanoscale surface. A previous study reported that TNS produced via chemical processing promoted osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow (RBM) cells 4,5) . The surface properties and structures of materials play important roles in the adsorption of proteins, which might influence cell behavior.…”

Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Progenitor (hESCs-MP) Growth on Nanostructured Ti6Al4V Surfaces

“…Coutinho 57 studied the influence of superficial treatments on titanium, and observed that anodized titanium possessed lower roughnesses and smaller contact angles than polished titanium surfaces. Komasa et al 58 demonstrated that titania (titanium oxide) nanosheetmodified titanium alloys were more hydrophilic and exhibited markedly improved wettabilities compared to unmodified titanium alloys.…”