Effect of nanofiber content on bone regeneration of silk fibroin/poly(ε-caprolactone) nano/microfibrous composite scaffolds

Abstract

The broad application of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds in tissue engineering is limited by their small pore size, which has a negative influence on cell migration. This disadvantage could be significantly improved through the combination of nano- and microfibrous structure. To accomplish this, different nano/microfibrous scaffolds were produced by hybrid electrospinning, combining solution electrospinning with melt electrospinning, while varying the content of the nanofiber. The morphology of the silk fibroin (SF)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nano/microfibrous composite scaffolds was investigated with field-emission scanning electron microscopy, while the mechanical and pore properties were assessed by measurement of tensile strength and mercury porosimetry. To assay cell proliferation, cell viability, and infiltration ability, human mesenchymal stem cells were seeded on the SF/PCL nano/microfibrous composite scaffolds. From in vivo tests, it was found that the bone-regenerating ability of SF/PCL nano/microfibrous composite scaffolds was closely associated with the nanofiber content in the composite scaffolds. In conclusion, this approach of controlling the nanofiber content in SF/PCL nano/microfibrous composite scaffolds could be useful in the design of novel scaffolds for tissue engineering.

Enhancing cell infiltration of electrospun fibrous scaffolds in tissue regeneration

“…reported a poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold composed of 5 μm microfibers interspersed with 600 nm nanofibers supported completed cell infiltration throughout the whole scaffold in a bioreactor within 12 days [19] . Large pores defined by the microfibers allowed cells to infiltrate the scaffold freely, while the nanofibers facilitated cell spreading and improved cell growth inside the scaffold [20] . Furthermore, the presence of nanofibers in the nano-/micro-fiber hybrid scaffolds influenced stem cell differentiation [20] , [21] .…”

“…Large pores defined by the microfibers allowed cells to infiltrate the scaffold freely, while the nanofibers facilitated cell spreading and improved cell growth inside the scaffold [20] . Furthermore, the presence of nanofibers in the nano-/micro-fiber hybrid scaffolds influenced stem cell differentiation [20] , [21] . Levorson et al.…”

New Application of Osteogenic Differentiation from HiPS Stem Cells for Evaluating the Osteogenic Potential of Nanomaterials in Dentistry

“…A scaffold with an adequate porosity is more biocompatible with bone cells; therefore, it provides a better method of establishing osteoblast cells [26]. The porosity of the biomaterials can compromise the stability of the scaffold [27]. Therefore, once our clones have achieved good results in bone differentiation, we aim to study the biomaterial or nanomaterial that constitutes the ideal scaffold for our cells, perhaps with a three-dimensional design [28].…”

Fabrication of Antibacterial Nanofibrous Membrane Infused with Essential Oil Extracted from Tea Tree for Packaging Applications

“…The histogram of fiber diameter was drawn by measuring more than 50 nanofibers randomly from the SEM images using Image J program. The mechanical properties of the nanofiber were obtained using a universal test machine (UT-020E, MTDI INC, Daejeon, Korea) using a dog bone specimen according to the ASTM D638 protocol [21][22][23][24]. The functional groups and crystalline of surface chemistry were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (Frontier, Perkin Elmer Co., Waltham, The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, USA) and multi-purpose high performance X-ray diffractometer (X'pert Pro Powder, PANalyrical, Almelo, The Netherlands) to compare PU nanofibers with PU-5% TT oil sample.…”