Effect of mycotoxins onin vitro movement of tracheal cilia from one-day-old chicks

Jesenská, Zdenka; Bernát, D.

doi:10.1007/bf02906813

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In an in vitro study of the inhibitory effect of various mycotoxins and moulds on the movement of tracheal cilia from 1 day-old chicks, STC (Jesenská and Bernát, 1994) and extracts of A. versicolor (Pieckova and Jesenska, 1997) were among the most toxic mycotoxins in this trial.…”

Section: Poultrymentioning

confidence: 80%

Scientific Opinion on the risk for public and animal health related to the presence of sterigmatocystin in food and feed

2013

EFSA Journal

135

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The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was asked by the European Commission to deliver a scientific opinion on sterigmatocystin (STC) in food and feed. STC is a polyketide mycotoxin that shares its biosynthetic pathway with aflatoxins. Following an EFSA call for data, analytical results from 247 food and 334 feed samples were submitted. In food, analytical results on STC were reported to be all below the limit of detection or limit of quantification. In feed, only four quantified results were reported. Therefore, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) concluded that the available occurrence data are too limited to carry out a reliable human and animal dietary exposure assessment. Acute oral toxicity of STC is relatively low, and liver and kidneys are the target organs. STC is mutagenic in both bacterial and mammalian cells after metabolic activation and forms DNA adducts. Tumourigenicity has been observed after oral, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous and dermal administration resulting in hepatocellular carcinomas, haemangiosarcomas in the liver, angiosarcomas in brown fat and lung adenomas. Since no exposure data were available, the margin of exposure approach for substances that are genotoxic and carcinogenic could not be applied for STC, and thus the CONTAM Panel could not characterise the risk for human health. Regarding animals, the Panel noted that STC is hepatotoxic in poultry and pigs, and nephrotoxic in poultry and toxic in several fish species. However, in the absence of exposure data for livestock, fish and companion animals, and given the limited knowledge on the adverse effects of STC, the CONTAM Panel could not characterise the risk for animal health. More occurrence data on STC in food and feed need to be collected to allow dietary exposure assessment. For food, methods with a limit of quantification of less than 1.5 µg/kg should be applied. Analytical methods for STC in food and feed based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) reach the lowest limits of detection (LOD). However, the sensitivity varies between individual matrices and whether a single or multi-analyte method is applied. So far, no certified reference materials are available for STC. In addition, no proficiency tests for STC analysis in food or feed could be identified.In the literature, only limited information is available on the occurrence of STC in different foods and feed. Most of the earlier studies using methods with rather high LODs/limits of quantification (LOQ) report a high percentage of left-censored data (often 100 %) on food and feed. Two recent studies using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method with an LOD of 0.15 µg/kg and an LOQ of 0.3 µg/kg reported STC positive samples of bread and of grain intended for use as animal feed. While these data indicate that these methods are sufficiently sensitive to quantify STC in food and feed, the data were insufficient to use for a reliable exposure assessment.Moreover, STC has been occasionally reported t...

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Section: Poultrymentioning

confidence: 80%

Scientific Opinion on the risk for public and animal health related to the presence of sterigmatocystin in food and feed

2013

EFSA Journal

135

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“…Monitoring of exposure to fungi in the indoor environment is complicated, due to the absence of standardized practical methods to evaluate relations among the indoor microclimate in buildings, their outdoor environment and microscopic fungi (39,40,48). This problem requires strong attention not only in public health, but needs an integrated approach through the large spectrum of sciences.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until now, the ciliostatic activity of sterigmatocystin "in vitro" has been proven, that is the carcinogenic mycotoxin produced by A. versicolor and Chaetomium spp., even it belonged to the most active fungal secondary metabolites tested (39,40). Kelman et al (41) tried to model a maximum possible dose of mycotoxins that could be inhaled in 24 hrs of continuous exposure to a high concenrtation of afl atoxins B1 and B2, satratoxins G and H, fumitremorgens B and C, verruculogen, and trichoverrols A and B.…”

Section: Exposure To Microscopic Fungi and Mycotoxins In Indoor Envirmentioning

confidence: 95%

Moldy buildings, health of their occupantsand fungal prevention

Mihinova

Piecková²

2012

BLL

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Microscopic fungi are important biological pollutants in the indoor environment, they are spread generally: on building materials, carpets, ceiling tiles, insulations, any surfaces, wallpapers, or in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. Molds are able to grow on any materials, as long as moisture and oxygen are available. Exposure to fungi in indoor environments (esp. in water-damaged buildings) can cause adverse health effects, such as allergy, asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonia, mucous membrane irritation, different toxic effects, or even mycoses (in immunocompromised individuals) -alone or in combination. As serious adverse health effects could be caused antifungal prevention is an absolute need. This review article summarizes the occurence of fungi in the indoor environment of buildings and their contribution to occupants´ health problems, and preventive measures against molds (Tab. 1, Fig. 1

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“…The mixtures were screened for some mycotoxins (sterigmatocystin, aflatoxins, patulin, trichothecenes) by thin-layer chromatography [16]. The bioassay with organ culture developed at our lab was employed: the effect of 20 mikrog/ml of chloroform extracts of fungal extrolites after stationary cultivation on the liquid medium with 2% yeast extract and 10% sucrose at 25 °C 10 d on the cilia movement in chick tracheal cultures in vitro after incubation in the minimal essential medium according to Eagle enriched with the Earl's salts at 37 °C in the atmosphere enriched with 5% CO 2 [17][18][19].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitrotoxicity of indoor moulds from Slovak dwellings

Piecková¹,

Kolláriková²

2008

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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In vitro toxicity of complex mixtures of endo-and exometabolites of representative indoor, and related outdoor, fungal isolates from 80 dwellings in Slovakia -mouldy and control ones -has been evaluated by a bioassay with 1-d-old chicks' tracheal organ cultures. Micromycetes, mostly Aspergillus versicolor (which is able to synthetize a mycotoxin sterigmatocystin), A. flavus (non-aflatoxigenic), other aspergilli, penicillia (potential sources of wide mycotoxins´ spectrum), produced secondary metabolites that ceased ciliary beating in the tracheal epithelium of the organ cultures within 24 hrs of the activity, i.e. in the sense of the method used, they belong to strong toxicants. Nineteen of 55 mould isolates tested so far also produced extrolites without toxic effects detectable by this method. It has been proven that toxin production in fungi depends not only on the species but may vary between every single isolate as well. The most important outcome of the study is that microscopic filamentous fungi present in the dwelling indoor environment under Slovak (Central European) building/housing conditions might produce compounds with a strong potential to damage the upper airways of occupants, mainly children.

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Effect of mycotoxins onin vitro movement of tracheal cilia from one-day-old chicks

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Scientific Opinion on the risk for public and animal health related to the presence of sterigmatocystin in food and feed

Scientific Opinion on the risk for public and animal health related to the presence of sterigmatocystin in food and feed

Moldy buildings, health of their occupantsand fungal prevention

In vitrotoxicity of indoor moulds from Slovak dwellings

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