Effect of music on anxiety, stress, and depression levels in patients undergoing coronary angiography

Abstract

Control of stress and anxiety and the promotion of comfort are challenges facing health practitioners involved in catheterization. The aim of this case-control study was to examine the effect of music on the levels of anxiety, stress, and depression experienced by patients undergoing coronary angiography, as measured by the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Differences in pre-and post-intervention scores demonstrated that there were significant decreases in mean scores of state anxiety (P = 0.006), stress (P = 0.001) and depression P = 0.02) in the intervention group, who listened to 20 minutes of relaxing music, as compared with the control group who had 20 minutes of bed rest. ‫ﺔ‬

Non-pharmacological strategies to decrease anxiety in cardiac catheterization: integrative review

“…The twelve selected studies were all clinical trials (two nonrandomized) and published in English (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23) , The continent where most of them were developed was Asia (5 studies, from Iran, Israel, China, Taiwan and Japan), followed by North America with 4 studies (2 from the USA and 2 from Canada), while 2 studies were developed in Germany and 1 in Australia. In addition, all cardiac catheterizations were elective procedures.…”

“…To examine the effect of music on the levels of anxiety, stress and depression experienced by patients undergoing coronary angiography (17) . Jadad Scale: 3…”

“…One study (15) used two interventions (music therapy and psychoeducational training); however, music was its main intervention. Music therapy was shown to be effective in most of the studies, with p-values ranging from <0.001 to 0.033, as shown in Box 1 (12,15,(17)(18) . Several studies showed that music therapy reduced anxiety (12,15,(17)(18)(19) , stress, depression (17) and physiological markers of anxiety, such as systolic blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory frequency (13) , with statistically significant differences in comparison with control groups, as shown in Box 1.…”

“…Music therapy was shown to be effective in most of the studies, with p-values ranging from <0.001 to 0.033, as shown in Box 1 (12,15,(17)(18) . Several studies showed that music therapy reduced anxiety (12,15,(17)(18)(19) , stress, depression (17) and physiological markers of anxiety, such as systolic blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory frequency (13) , with statistically significant differences in comparison with control groups, as shown in Box 1. Regarding the moment when the intervention was carried out, some studies performed the interventions before catheterization (12,18,20) , others during the procedure (15,(18)(19) , another before and after the hemodynamic procedure (17) and another before, during and after the cardiac catheterization (21) .…”

“…After the intervention, anxiety was lower in the patients who had received palm therapy, both in relation to self-reported anxiety (7.1 versus 40.1; p=0.0001) and according to the nurses' perception of their anxiety (4.6 versus 12.6; p=0.0001). The following non-pharmacological strategies were utilized to reduce the anxiety of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization: music therapy (n=8; 66.7%) (12,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21) , educational videos (n=2; 16.7%) (13)(14) , massage (n=1; 8.3%) (22) , palm therapy (n=1; 8.3%) (23) and psychoeducational training (n=1; 8.3%) (15) . One study (15) used two interventions (music therapy and psychoeducational training); however, music was its main intervention.…”