Effect of Moisture Content and Different Levels of Additives on Chemical Composition and in vitro Dry Matter Digestibility of Rice Straw

Pradhan, Rajeev; Tobioka, H.; Tasaki, Iwao

doi:10.2508/chikusan.68.273

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…It has been well documented that ammonia treatment of forage improves its digestibility and its nutritive value (Buettner et al, 1982;Orden et al, 2000). The improvement of DM degradation for UCS in the present study is comparable to what was reported for 3% urea-treated wheat straw (Sirohi and Rai, 1999) and for 4% calcium hydroxide treated straw (Pradhan et al, 1997). The results of the present study show that ammonia treatment is promising for the improvement of low quality forage such as rice straw.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Effects of Ammonia, Urea Plus Calcium Hydroxide and Animal Urine Treatments on Chemical Composition and In sacco Degradability of Rice Straw

Elseed¹,

Sekine²,

Hishinuma³

et al. 2003

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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This experiment was conducted to examine the effects on the composition and rumen degradation in sacco of rice straw treated with animal urine (1 l of 2.9 g N/kg DM straw) and urea plus calcium hydroxide (2% urea plus 0.5% Ca(OH) 2 /kg DM straw) as a cheap and relatively safe alternative for ammonia (3% ammonia solution/kg DM straw). Mold occurred in urine treated straw, but other treatments were apparently mold-free. All treatments significantly (p<0.05) increased CP content in the straw compared with untreated one. Ammonia-treated straw contained CP at about twice that in urine or urea-calcium hydroxide treated straw. NDF and hemicellulose contents decreased significantly (p<0.05) in all treatments, while ADF and cellulose showed no differences compared with untreated straw. The degradable fraction of DM, CP, NDF, hemicellulose and cellulose was significantly (p<0.05) increased for ammonia and urea-calcium hydroxide treatments than for urine treated or untreated straw except for CP of urine treated straw. Chemical treatment of rice straw increased the readily degradable fraction of CP, while it decreased the slowly degradable fraction for urine or urea-calcium hydroxide treated rice straw. The degradation rate of hemicellulose was significantly (p<0.05) increased for ammonia and urea-calcium hydroxide treatments compared to urine treated or untreated straw. However, no effect on cellulose degradation rate was found by any of the treatments. There was no improvement in the degradation kinetics caused by the urine treatment despite the improvement of the chemical composition. Although the improvement in rumen degradability was less in the urea-calcium hydroxide treatment than in the ammonia treatment, its use may be more desirable because it is less expensive to obtain, less hazardous nature, and readily available. For further improvement it is necessary to investigate the supplementation of slowly degradable nitrogen to ureacalcium hydroxide treated rice straw diet.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Effects of Ammonia, Urea Plus Calcium Hydroxide and Animal Urine Treatments on Chemical Composition and In sacco Degradability of Rice Straw

Elseed¹,

Sekine²,

Hishinuma³

et al. 2003

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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“…In the past, numerous investigations involving urea treatment of rice straw, with or without additional supplementation, were performed not only in the laboratory (Reddy, 1996;Shen et al, 1998;Vadiveloo, 2003) but also in field trials (Prasad et al, 1998;Vu et al, 1999;Akter et al, 2004). Pradhan et al (1997) showed that addition of Ca(OH) 2 to urea improved the IVDMD. Sirohi and Rai (1995) demonstrated that a combination of 3% urea plus 4% lime at 50% moisture for 3 weeks incubation time was the most effective treatment for improving degradability of rice straw.…”

Section: Chemical Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lime treatment : Lime (CaO/Ca(OH) 2 ) is a weak alkali agent with a low solubility in water. It has been reported that lime can be used to improve the utilization of straw and also can be used to supplement the ration with calcium, which has been found to be in a negative balance in cattle fed only rice straw (Hadjipanayiotou, 1984;Pradhan et al, 1997;Chaudhry, 1998). Soaking and ensiling are two methods of treating straw with lime.…”

Section: Chemical Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Rice Straw and Different Treatments to Improve Its Feed Value for Ruminants: A Review

Sarnklong¹,

Cone²,

Pellikaan³

et al. 2010

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

268

159

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This paper gives an overview of the availability, nutritive quality, and possible strategies to improve the utilization of rice straw as a feed ingredient for ruminants. Approximately 80% of the rice in the world is grown by small-scale farmers in developing countries, including South East Asia. The large amount of rice straw as a by-product of the rice production is mainly used as a source of feed for ruminant livestock. Rice straw is rich in polysaccharides and has a high lignin and silica content, limiting voluntary intake and reducing degradability by ruminal microorganisms. Several methods to improve the utilization of rice straw by ruminants have been investigated in the past. However, some physical treatments are not practical because of the requirement for machinery or treatments are not economical feasible for the farmers. Chemical treatments, such as NaOH, NH 3 or urea, currently seem to be more practical for onfarm use. Alternative treatments to improve the nutritive value of rice straw are the use of ligninolytic fungi (white-rot fungi), with their extracellular ligninolytic enzymes, or specific enzymes degrading cellulose and/or hemicellulose. The use of fungi or enzyme treatments is expected to be a more practical and environmental-friendly approach for enhancing the nutritive value of rice straw and can be costeffective in the future. Using fungi and enzymes might be combined with the more classical chemical or physical treatments. However, available data on using fungi and enzymes for improving the quality of rice straw are relatively scarce.

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“…On the other hand, calcium hydroxide is a weak alkali agent with a low solubility in water. It has been reported that calcium hydroxide can be used to improve the utilization of straw and also can be used to supplement the ration with calcium, which has been found to be in a negative balance in cattle fed only rice straw (Hadjipanayiotou, 1984;Pradhan et al, 1997;Chaudhry, 1998). It was suggested that a combination of lime and urea would give better results than urea or lime alone.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of rice straw treatment on feed intake, rumen fermentation and milk production in lactating dairy cows

Wanapat¹,

Kang²,

Hankla³

et al. 2013

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of urea and urea-calcium hydroxide treated rice straws on feed intake, rumen fermentation and milk production in lactating dairy cows. Three multiparous Holstein crossbred dairy cows, mid-lactation with 365 ± 30 kg BW, were randomly assigned to receive three kinds of rice straw according to 3 × 3 Latin square design: untreated (T1), 2 × 2% ureacalcium hydroxide treated (T2) and 3% urea treated (T3). Based on the present findings, urea-calcium hydroxide could enhance the nutritive value of rice straw. In addition, dry matter intake (DMI) and nutrient digestibility (DM, CP, OM, NDF and ADF) were significantly increased by straw treatments (P<0.01), however, no difference between urea and urea-calcium hydroxide treatments was found. In contrast, ruminal pH and temperature were similar among treatments (P>0.05). Ruminal NH 3 -N concentration was increased in both treated straw groups while BUN was similar. While TVFA and C3 were improved in cows receiving urea and urea-calcium hydroxide treated rice straw, C2 and C4 remained stable. Furthermore, total bacterial and fungal zoospores were higher in the treated groups, while protozoa were not different. Ruminal viable bacterial groups were higher in the urea and ureacalcium hydroxide treated, except for proteolytic bacteria. Cows received treated rice straw consumed more N intake as well as N absorption (P < 0.05). Remarkably, the PD, microbial protein and EMPS were enhanced by treated straw. Urea-calcium hydroxide treated rice straw significantly (P < 0.05) increased milk yield and milk compositions. Based on this study, either 2 + 2% urea-calcium hydroxide or 3% urea treated rice straw could be fed to lactating dairy cows as for improvement of feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and milk production, thus be recommended for use by dairy farmers.

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Effect of Moisture Content and Different Levels of Additives on Chemical Composition and in vitro Dry Matter Digestibility of Rice Straw

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Effects of Ammonia, Urea Plus Calcium Hydroxide and Animal Urine Treatments on Chemical Composition and In sacco Degradability of Rice Straw

Effects of Ammonia, Urea Plus Calcium Hydroxide and Animal Urine Treatments on Chemical Composition and In sacco Degradability of Rice Straw

Utilization of Rice Straw and Different Treatments to Improve Its Feed Value for Ruminants: A Review

Effect of rice straw treatment on feed intake, rumen fermentation and milk production in lactating dairy cows

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