Effect of Mo addition on the microstructure and properties of WC–Ni–Fe hard alloys

Zhao, Zehua; Liu, Jianwei; Tang, Huaguo; Ma, Xianfeng; Zhao, Wei

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.05.277

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Minor changes in shape of WC crystallites were also observed through the substitution of cobalt binder in WC-based cemented carbides using Fe [ 66 , 67 , 68 ], Ni [ 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ], Al [ 75 , 76 ], Fe–Mn [ 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 ], Fe–Cu [ 83 ], Fe–Ni–Mo [ 84 ], Ni 3 Al [ 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 ], Ni–Cr [ 93 ], Y 2 O 3 [ 94 ], Al 2 O 3 [ 85 , 95 , 96 ], Ni, CoNi, NiCr, CoCr, CoNiCr, NiCrMo [ 97 ], MgO [ 98 , 99 ], ZrO 2 [ 100 , 101 , 102 ], La 2 O 3 [ 103 , 104 ], iron aluminides [ 65 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 ], stainless steel [ 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 ,…”

Section: Substitution Of Cobalt With Other Bindersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faceting/Roughening of WC/Binder Interfaces in Cemented Carbides: A Review

Straumal

Konyashin

2023

Materials

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Hardmetals (or cemented carbides) were invented a hundred years ago and became one of the most important materials in engineering. The unique conjunction of fracture toughness, abrasion resistance and hardness makes WC-Co cemented carbides irreplaceable for numerous applications. As a rule, the WC crystallites in the sintered WC-Co hardmetals are perfectly faceted and possess a truncated trigonal prism shape. However, the so-called faceting–roughening phase transition can force the flat (faceted) surfaces or interfaces to become curved. In this review, we analyze how different factors can influence the (faceted) shape of WC crystallites in the cemented carbides. Among these factors are the modification of fabrication parameters of usual WC-Co cemented carbides; alloying of conventional cobalt binder using various metals; alloying of cobalt binder using nitrides, borides, carbides, silicides, oxides; and substitution of cobalt with other binders, including high entropy alloys (HEAs). The faceting–roughening phase transition of WC/binder interfaces and its influence on the properties of cemented carbides is also discussed. In particular, the increase in the hardness and fracture toughness of cemented carbides correlates with transition of WC crystallites from a faceted to a rounded shape.

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Section: Substitution Of Cobalt With Other Bindersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faceting/Roughening of WC/Binder Interfaces in Cemented Carbides: A Review

Straumal

Konyashin

2023

Materials

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“…Unfortunately, the price of Co has increased significantly due to the fast growth in demand for the batteries of electric vehicles [ 34 , 38 ]. Nickel, iron, and copper have been proposed as alternatives to cobalt, but they are less efficient binders [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Recycling of WC-Co Grinding Chip

et al. 2023

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Grinding is a finishing process for high precision, high surface quality parts, and hard materials, including tool fabrication and sharpening. The recycling of grinding scraps, which often contain rare and costly materials such as tungsten carbide (WC-Co), has been established for decades. However, there is a growing need for more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly recycling processes. Currently, grinding sludges, which are a mixture of abrasives, lubricants, and hard metal chips, are only treated through chemical recycling. Direct recycling (“reuse” of chips as raw material) is the most effective but not yet viable process due to the presence of contaminants. This paper presents an oil-free dry grinding process that produces high-quality chips (i.e., oil-free and with few contaminants, smaller than 60 mesh particle size) that can be directly recycled, as opposed to the oil-based wet grinding that generates sludges, which require indirect recycling. The proposed alternative recycling method is validated experimentally using WC-Co chips from a leading hard metals’ processing specialized company. The contaminant level (oxygen 0.8 wt.%, others < 0.4 wt.%), granulometry (chip D50 = 10.4 µm with grain size < 3 µm) and morphology of the recycled chips’ powder is comparable to commercial powders proving the research and industrial potential of direct recycling. The comparison of sintered products using recycled and commercial powder provided equivalent characteristics for hardness (HRA of 90.7, HV30 of 1430), porosity grade (A02-04) and grain size (<3 µm).

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“…Furthermore, its inclusion as a binder element in WC-based materials has resulted in enhanced mechanical properties [13]. The addition of alloying elements, such as Cr, Ni or Al, has also demonstrated to improve oxidation [14][15][16][17] and corrosion [13,15,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] resistance of these materials, among other properties. Concerning the substitution of the ceramic phase, titanium carbonitride -Ti(C,N) -cermets, have arisen as very promising options, on the basis of providing advantages like high wear resistance or chemical stability [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%