The emerging of the fourth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 4.0 (I4.0), from the advancement in several technologies is viewed not only to promote economic growth, but also to enable a greener future. The 2030 Agenda of the United Nations for sustainable development sets out clear goals for the industry to foster the economy, while preserving social well-being and ecological validity. However, the influence of I4.0 technologies on the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) has not been conclusively or systematically investigated. By understanding the link between the I4.0 technologies and the SDGs, researchers can better support policymakers to consider the technological advancement in updating and harmonizing policies and strategies in different sectors (i.e., education, industry, and governmental) with the SDGs. To address this gap, academic experts in this paper have investigated the influence of I4.0 technologies on the sustainability targets identified by the UN. Key I4.0 element technologies have been classified to enable a quantitative mapping with the 17 SDGs. The results indicate that the majority of the I4.0 technologies can contribute positively to achieving the UN agenda. It was also found that the effects of the technologies on individual goals varies between direct and strong, and indirect and weak influences. The main insights and lessons learned from the mapping are provided to support future policy.
Chiral recognition of the enantiomeric couples of ditryptophan and diphenylalanine was observed by (1)H NMR spectroscopy in micelles formed by sodium N-dodecanoyl-L-prolinate. Ditryptophan showed a selective association with the Z domains of the amidic aggregates, whereas diphenylalanine did not show any selectivity in the association. Partition coefficients between water and aggregates were evaluated by diffusion NMR experiments. Intramolecular distances of ditryptophan isomers associated with chiral aggregates were obtained by ROESY experiments and were used as constraints in molecular mechanics calculations. From these calculations, information on the conformation of the peptides in the chiral aggregates was obtained.
BackgroundHIV-positive patients carry an increased risk of HPV infection and associated cancers. Therefore, prevalence and patterns of HPV infection at different anatomical sites, as well as theoretical protection of nonavalent vaccine should be investigated. Aim was to describe prevalence and predictors of oral HPV detection in HIV-positive men, with attention to nonavalent vaccine-targeted HPV types. Further, co-occurrence of HPV DNA at oral cavity and at anal site was assessed.MethodsThis cross-sectional, clinic-based study included 305 HIV-positive males (85.9% MSM; median age 44.7 years; IQR: 37.4–51.0), consecutively observed within an anal cancer screening program, after written informed consent. Indication for anal screening was given by the HIV physician during routine clinic visit. Paired oral rinse and anal samples were processed for the all HPV genotypes with QIASYMPHONY and a PCR with MY09/MY11 primers for the L1 region.ResultsAt the oral cavity, HPV DNA was detected in 64 patients (20.9%), and in 28.1% of these cases multiple HPV infections were found. Prevalence of oral HPV was significantly lower than that observed at the anal site (p < 0.001), where HPV DNA was found in 199 cases (85.2%). Oral HPV tended to be more frequent in patients with detectable anal HPV than in those without (p = 0.08). Out of 265 HPV DNA-positive men regardless anatomic site, 59 cases (19.3%) had detectable HPV at both sites, and 51 of these showed completely different HPV types. At least one nonavalent vaccine-targeted HPV type was found in 17/64 (26.6%) of patients with oral and 199/260 (76.5%) with anal infection. At multivariable analysis, factors associated with positive oral HPV were: CD4 cells <200/μL (versus CD4 cells >200/μL, p = 0.005) and >5 sexual partners in the previous 12 months (versus 0–1 partner, p = 0.008).ConclusionsIn this study on Italian HIV-positive men (predominantly MSM), oral HPV DNA was detected in approximately one fifth of tested subjects, but prevalence was significantly lower than that observed at anal site. Low CD4 cell count and increasing number of recent sexual partners significantly increased the odds of positive oral HPV. The absence of co-occurrence at the two anatomical sites may suggest different routes or timing of infection.
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