Effect of MnO2 impurity on the modified PbTiO3 system ceramics for power supply

Progress in synthesis of ferroelectric ceramic materials via high-energy mechanochemical technique

“…The phase transition creates large internal stresses, which results in significant fragility and finally destroys the ceramics with numerous microcracks. Modification with other dopants allows for the fabrication of dense PT ceramics using conventional ceramic process [28][29][30][31][32]. However, introduction of other elements into PT ceramics tends to worsen their electrical properties, such as decrease in phase transition temperature and reduction in planar-to-thickness coupling coefficient ratio.…”

Effect of CuO on the sintering temperature and piezoelectric properties of MnO2-doped 0.75Pb(Zr0.47Ti0.53)O3–0.25Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramics

“…This Q m value, however, was similar to that of the 0.75PZT-0.25PZN-Mn ceramics sintered at 930 • C [19], indicating that the high Q m value of the CuO-added 0.75PZT-0.25PZN-Mn ceramics was mainly due to the hardening effect of the Mn ions. According to the previous works, most of the Mn ions existed as Mn 3+ in the PZT-based piezoelectric ceramics at the temperatures between 535 and 1080 • C [22,23]. Moreover, since all the specimens in this work were sintered at 850-950 • C, most of the Mn ions were considered to exist as the Mn 3+ ions and behave as the hardeners in the CuO-added 0.75PZT-0.25PZN-Mn ceramics.…”

Investigation of complex additives on the microstructure and properties of low-temperature sintered PZT using the Taguchi method

“…2(g)). Yoo et al [12] and Izaki et al [11] had also found a similar phenomenon and it was found to be attributed to the impurities that concentrated at the grain boundaries which were obstacles for the boundary moving at high temperature and the concentration of the solute segregation was one of the majors factors which suppressed the final grain size.…”