Effect of Miswak Derivatives on Color Changes and Mechanical Properties of Polymer-Based Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufactured (CAD/CAM) Dental Ceramic Materials

Abstract

Background Miswak is a form of chewing stick used to clean teeth in different parts of the world, including Saudi Arabia. We present a description of the effects of miswak derivatives, namely toothpaste, mouthwash, and brushing sticks, on the mean color changes (ΔE 00 ), compressive fracture resistance values, and fracture modes of polymer-based computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufactured (CAM) prosthetic materials. Material/Methods Eighty-one rectangular-shaped samples were prepared from lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS e.max CAD), zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (Vita Suprinity), and monochromatic tooth-colored feldspar (Vitablocs Mark II) CAD/CAM ceramics. The color parameters were recorded using spectrophotometer before and after exposing the specimens to the different miswak oral hygiene derivatives for 15 days. Compressive fracture resistance values and fracture types were also assessed, and statistical analysis was performed. Results Vita Suprinity and Vitablocs Mark II miswak sticks had the highest ΔE 00 values. Moreover, miswak mouthwash had the lowest ΔE 00 values, with significant differences among groups. IPS e.max CAD miswak sticks had the highest mean values of compressive fracture. Vitablocs Mark II had the lowest values for mouthwash and toothpaste. Significant differences were found within the IPS e.max CAD group. Reparable fractures were found in IPS e.max CAD, while semi-reparable fractures were seen in other groups. Conclusions Most ΔE 00 values were within the acceptable clinical range, with IPS e.max CAD showing superior color stability. The mouthwash group showed minimal ΔE 00 . IPS e.max CAD had the highest mean compressive fracture resistance values with reparable fracture types.

Physical, Optical, and Mechanical Properties of Ceramic Materials after Coffee Immersion and Evaluation of Cleaning Impact with Different Oral Hygiene Tools

“…The mean color change after 30 days of coffee immersion was found to be greatest in the regular toothbrush and Signal toothpaste and the Listerine mouthwash. These findings were consistent with previous research analyzing the discoloration effect of several mouthrinses [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. Derafshi et al investigated the discoloration of monolithic zirconia and feldspathic ceramics in two mouthrinses (Listerine and CHX).…”

“…Assuming a moderate effect size between the groups for fracture resistance (0.25) at 5% level of significance and 85% power, the sample size is 27 subjects per group. Therefore, the total sample size required is 27 × 3 = 81 subjects ( Figure 1 ) [ 36 ].…”

“…Each sample’s shape, the quantity of fragments that resulted from fractures, and the proportion of each type were noted. The following parameters served as the foundation for the classification of fracture types [ 25 , 36 ]. Type 1: a reparable specimen is split in half, with each half retaining 50% of the dimensions of the original shape.…”

“…Type 2: a semi-reparable specimen can be divided into three to four parts, each of which is between 20% and 35% of the original size. Type 3: a non-reparable specimen that has been divided into at least four parts, each of which is less than 20% of the original specimen’s size [ 25 , 36 ]. Figure 2 shows the steps and type of the material groups and subgroups as well as the tests used, as mentioned previously.…”

Comparison of the Degree of Staining of Computer-Aided Design-Computer-Aided Manufacture (CAD-CAM) Ceramic Veneers by Green Tea, Coffee, and Coca-Cola Using a Digital Spectrophotometer

“…Power analysis calculation was performed to determine the sample size required to obtain a statistically significant outcome. The result showed that 30 samples per group (10 samples for each subgroup) were required at a 95% confidence level, a power of 80%, and a standard deviation of 0.4 [ 34 , 35 ].…”