Comparison of the Degree of Staining of Computer-Aided Design-Computer-Aided Manufacture (CAD-CAM) Ceramic Veneers by Green Tea, Coffee, and Coca-Cola Using a Digital Spectrophotometer

Abstract

Background The majority of dental professionals currently recognize lithium disilicate E-max ceramic veneers as a the most widely used, conservative, and effective cosmetic materials in dentistry. This study aimed to compare the degree of surface changes – roughness (Ra), depth (Rz), and mean color changes (Δ E 00 ) – of computer-aided design-computer-aided manufactured (CAD/CAM) ceramic veneers materials of varying thicknesses caused by staining by green tea, coffee, and Coca-Cola using digital spectrophotometer. Material/Methods This study was conducted at King Khalid University, College of Dentistry. Lithium disilicate glass ceramic (LDGC) material was used to create 60 rectangular slices using the CAD/CAM system. The material thickness and the type of beverage were measured. The specimens were immersed in beverages according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Specimen description and tomography were completed with a 3D noncontact surface metrology using interferometry. The “VITA Easy-Shade” spectrophotometer was used to measure Δ E 00 . It was recorded after 2 weeks for different material thicknesses after immersing samples in green tea, coffee, and Coca-Cola staining materials. Results Significant changes in ceramic thickness were found in Ra and Rz of 0.07 and 1.00 mm after 14 days of staining. Coca-Cola showed a significant difference in Ra and Rz with 1.00 mm thickness measurement compared to the 0.07 mm group with ≤ of 0.05, which was considered statistically significant. Highest Δ E 00 were recorded among samples stained by Coca-Cola, followed by coffee, for both thicknesses. Conclusions Those findings support previous studies using spectrophotometric analysis of staining of CAD-CAM ceramic veneers that Coca-Cola followed by coffee resulted in the greatest color Δ E 00 change.

Effect of Acidic Media on Surface Topography and Color Stability of Two Different Glass Ceramics

“…Ra of 0.2 µm is the clinically accepted limit for rough surface above which increased bacterial retention can be detected 10 and Ra values between 0.2 and 0.5 µm can be perceived in some patients by their tongue. 27 Similarly, Al Wadei in 2023 28 reported an increase in Ra and color change after the immersion in different staining materials of green tea, coffee, and Coca-Cola. This finding aligns with previous studies that showed a considerable increase in CAD/CAM lithium disilicate and feldspathic ceramic roughness upon exposure to high temperatures and low pH of acidic liquids.…”