Effect of mineralogy on friction-dilation relationships for simulated faults: Implications for permeability evolution in caprock faults

Zhang, Feng-Shou; An, Mengke; Zhang, Lianyang; Fang, Yi; Elsworth, Derek

doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2019.05.014

Cited by 44 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…According to the developed concept, the predicted flood volume for the study area was estimated between 634 and 825 MCM for a 100-year return period Water Supply Vol 00 No 0, 10 Uncorrected Proof (Figure 9(c)). This return period was recommended for reservoir dam design (Zhang et al 2020a(Zhang et al , 2020b. Consequently, in the 25-year return period, which is an appropriate time scale for flood diversion systems of water storage reservoirs, a flood volume of 125-164 MCM with a maximum flow of 865 m 3 /s has been obtained.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Concern: Fuzzy-probabilistic modeling the flood characteristics using bivariate frequency analysis and α-cut decomposition

Sun

Khayatnezhad

2021

Water Supply

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Water allocation in agricultural lands, optimal design of hydraulic structures and climatic phenomena are the events in water management science that face hydrological uncertainties. The purpose of this study is to estimate the characteristics of surface runoff based on probabilistic and fuzzy analysis. Separation and generation of basic hydrological information, probabilistic modeling, fuzzy analysis, and optimization to achieve the solution were the main steps of the decision-making problem. Long-term hydrological data of the study area were collected, analyzed and used as a basis for the simulation model. In this study, a copula-based stochastic method was developed to deal with uncertainties related to rainfall and runoff characteristics as well as to address the nonlinear dependence between multiple random variables. The relationship between rainfall variables and flood characteristics was formulated through fuzzy set theory. The feasible domain of the fuzzy problem was searched using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm to find the optimal extreme points. The obtained solutions were used as a fuzzy response to calculate the flood of the Baghmalek plain in Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. The results showed that the maximum model error occurred in predicting rainfall depth and flood volume, and the maximum rainfall rate and runoff flow could be calculated more accurately. Moreover, the developed fuzzy-probabilistic model was able to predict more than 90% of flood events within the defined fuzzy range.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Concern: Fuzzy-probabilistic modeling the flood characteristics using bivariate frequency analysis and α-cut decomposition

Sun

Khayatnezhad

2021

Water Supply

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“…The density and porosity of sample ATR-3, which is ~3 m away from the youngest fault plane of an inactive fault, are 2.56 g/cm 3 and 3.3%, respectively. Zhang et al (2020) conducted an experimental study on the behavior of fault gouge under frictional shear to examine gouge dilation, frictional strength, stability, and healing, and reported that gouge dilation decreased with increasing normal stress. Therefore, the porosity of the fault gouge along the active faults is larger than that of the fault gouge along the inactive faults because the fault gouge along active faults forms at shallower depths and has a larger dilatancy than the fault gouge along inactive faults.…”

Section: Measurement Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative determination of the lowest density domain in major fault zones via medical X-ray computed tomography

Iwamori

Takahashi

Asahi³

et al. 2021

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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Determination of the youngest active domains in fault zones that are not overlain by Quaternary sedimentary cover is critical for evaluating recent fault activity, determining the current local stress field, and mitigating the impacts of future earthquakes. Considering the exhumation of a fault zone, the youngest active domain in a fault zone is supposed to correspond to the activity at the minimum fault depth of a buried fault, such that the most vulnerable area, which possesses the lowest rock/protolith density ratio, is assumed to be indicative of this recent fault activity. However, it is difficult to measure the density of fault rocks and map the rock/protolith density ratio across a given fault zone. Here, we utilize medical X-ray computed tomography (CT), a non-destructive technique for observing and analyzing materials, to investigate the fault characteristics of several fault zones and their surrounding regions in Japan, and attempt to determine the lowest density domain of a given fault zone based on its CT numbers, which are a function of the density and effective atomic number of the fault rock and protolith. We first investigate the density, void ratio, and effective atomic number of active and inactive fault rocks, and their respective protoliths. We then calculate the CT numbers after reducing the beam-hardening effects on the rock samples and study the relationships among the CT number, density, and effective atomic number. We demonstrate that the density, effective atomic number, and CT number of the fault rock decrease as the youngest active zone, identified by outcrop observation, are approached, such that the region with the lowest CT number and rock/protolith density ratio defines the lowest density domain of a given fault zone. We also discuss the relationship between the lowest density domain and the youngest active domain in major fault zones and investigate the points to be considered when the youngest active domain is identified from the lowest density domain determined by the CT number.

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“…Mechanical mechanisms of structural fracture growth (Olsson et al, 2004;Gale and Gomez, 2007;Zhang et al, 2020) suggests that tensile stress field occurs when the orientation of the scoring is consistent with the inclination of fracture surface [where the maximum principal stress (σ 1 ) is vertical and the intermediate principal stress (σ 2 ) and the minimum principal stress (σ 3 ) are horizontal], and it is consistent with the tensile stress field at the late Paleogene of Nanpu Sag (Tong et al, 2013), where NE-SW horizontal compression and NW-SE tensile stress developed NE-SW direction shear fractures. Strike-slip tectonic stress occurs when the scoring shares the same orientation with fracture surface (where the σ 2 is vertical, the σ 1 and σ 3 are horizontal).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seepage Behavior of Fractures in Paleogene Sandstone Reservoirs in Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China

Wang

Muhtar

et al. 2021

Front. Earth Sci.

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Natural fractures play an important role in the seepage system of Paleogene sandstone reservoirs at Nanpu Sag. Characteristics and formation mechanisms of natural fractures and stress-sensitivity permeability are comprehensively investigated and their impact on water injection is discussed based on core and log data (FMI and diplog data) as well as stress-sensitivity permeability measurement. Results show that high-angle shear fractures, including NE-SW strike fractures and NW-SE strike fractures, are widely developed in the study area, which were primarily developed during the late Paleogene and late Neogene. The present maximum horizontal principal stress is orientated at N60°–80°E, approximately parallel to the NE-SW fractures, contributing greatly to the seepage system at the early oilfield development stage. Fractures in the study area can be divided into three phases and are characterized by obvious stress-sensitivity permeability, which is closely related to fracture aperture and throat size. Since the fracture occurrence enhances stress sensitivity of permeability, it is necessary to regulate well pattern based on dynamic behaviors of fractured reservoirs at different development stages.

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Effect of mineralogy on friction-dilation relationships for simulated faults: Implications for permeability evolution in caprock faults

Cited by 44 publications

References 60 publications

Expression of Concern: Fuzzy-probabilistic modeling the flood characteristics using bivariate frequency analysis and α-cut decomposition

Expression of Concern: Fuzzy-probabilistic modeling the flood characteristics using bivariate frequency analysis and α-cut decomposition

Quantitative determination of the lowest density domain in major fault zones via medical X-ray computed tomography

Seepage Behavior of Fractures in Paleogene Sandstone Reservoirs in Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China

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