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Improving the application efficiency and leaching of solutes from the root zone in a sprinkler irrigation system are directly related to the uniformity of water distribution at the field surface. The coefficient of uniformity and distribution uniformity are affected by changes in wind speed and its direction, sprinkler characteristics and variations in operating pressure. The objective of this paper is to present modified equations for evaluating pressurized irrigation systems based on non-dimensional infiltrated depths. The equations were obtained by four data groups including the average of the measured infiltration depths in any quarter. Coefficient of uniformity (CU), distribution uniformity (DU), application efficiency (E a ) and deep percolation (DP) were used as performance indicators to evaluate the sprinkler irrigation system. The suggested method was compared to the existing approach to assess the evaluation indicators. Three data sets of observed information for wheel-move, permanent solid set and semi-solid set irrigation systems were collected in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces to evaluate the proposed formulation. Furthermore, the relationships between CU and DU were analysed for three scenarios of infiltration depth. Results show that the application efficiency was 12% less than previous equations because of using four average values.

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This experiment was conducted with 12 genotypes of durum wheat originating from Iran and Azerbaijan Republic in both stressed and non-stressed conditions in Agricultural Research Station, Islamic Azad University of Ardabil in a randomized complete blocks design with 4 replications and in two years, 2008 to 2009 and 2009 to 2010 agricultural years. In this experiment, in addition to physiological traits, traits like leaf chlorophyll content, initial fluorescence (F0), maximum fluorescence (FM), variable fluorescence (FV), efficiency potential (FV/FM) and the amount of superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) had been measured. The results showed that stress tolerant varieties had higher chlorophyll content and it is increased by stress operations of amount of superoxide dismutase enzyme in varieties to overwhelming stress. In this study, genotypes 8, 10 and 11 had stress tolerance, chlorophyll fluorescence levels as desirable, appropriate chlorophyll amount and ultimately optimized yield in stressed conditions. Also, the higher amount of superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) in these varieties, this represents these varieties can cope desirably with drought stress conditions. It is probably that genotypes 10 and 11 are consistent with regional conditions. Also high and meaningful correlation between chlorophyll content and yield (r = 0.56*) showed that by increasing the amount of chlorophyll, the yield rate will be increased. Finally, it was found stress tolerant and high-yield varieties had higher superoxide dismutase, as well as high amount of chlorophyll.