Effect of Mg Addition on the Refinement and Homogenized Distribution of Inclusions in Steel with Different Al Contents

Wang, Linzhu; Yang, Shufeng; Li, Jingshe; Zhang, Shuo; Ju, Jing

doi:10.1007/s11663-017-0915-y

Cited by 47 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The two-dimensional inclusion size distribution was transformed into three-dimensional inclusion size distribution based on stereological analysis (modified Schwartz-Saltykov method with the probability mass function [35,36]), which was applied in the estimation of the volume fraction inclusions in Equation (2), and the details are similar to our previous research [11,37]. The contents of Al, Ca, Mg, Si, Mn, O, and S in inclusions were detected by point EDS analysis in the center of each inclusion and they were transformed into their respective compound based on their stoichiometric relationship.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusion Characteristics in 95CrMo Steels with Different Calcium and Sulfur Contents

Long

Wang

et al. 2020

Materials

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In order to study the effect of Ca and sulfur contents on the characteristics of inclusions, industrial experiments using 95CrMo steel were conducted. SEM-EDS detections and stereological analysis were used to probe the characteristics of inclusions, including their compositions, morphologies, size, number density, and distribution. The results indicate that there were mainly three types of inclusions in 95CrMo steel billets with 6–18 ppm Ca and 30–100 ppm S: inclusions with single-phased morphology mainly composed of oxides; isolated MnS/CaS-only inclusions; inclusions with multi-phased morphology. The three-dimensional inclusion size distribution suggests that there were more Type-1 inclusions with a small size in low S containing steels. The average diameter of all types of inclusions increased with increasing Ca or S content in 95CrMo steel, indicating that the formation of MnS and CaS coarsened their size. The density distribution of inclusions indicates that the more inclusions there are, the more easily they aggregate and collide. Moreover, it is presumably concluded that the formation of sulfide in the outer layer of oxide inclusions weaken the attraction between oxide inclusions. The equilibrated transformation and formation of inclusions during the cooling process of 95CrMo steel was discussed based on thermodynamic calculation. The equilibrated transformation trajectory of inclusions in 95CrMo steel during the cooling process was Ca2SiO4 + MgO → Ca3MgSi2O8 → Spinel + CaS, which was corresponding to the detected results. The precipitation regular of sulfide was obtained. The formation mechanism for three types of inclusions was discussed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusion Characteristics in 95CrMo Steels with Different Calcium and Sulfur Contents

Long

Wang

et al. 2020

Materials

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“…g represents the acceleration of gravity, 9.8 m/s 2 . θ represents the angle between the inclusion of MgAl 2 O 4 and the molten iron, 105 • [29].…”

Section: Mechanism On the Agglomeration Of Mgal 2 O 4 Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamics and Agglomeration Behavior on Spinel Inclusion in Al-Deoxidized Steel Coupling with Mg Treatment

Lei

Wang

Yuan

et al. 2019

Metals

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There are many types of non-metallic MgAl2O4 inclusions observed in Al-deoxidized steel coupling with Mg treatment, including single-particle MgAl2O4, agglomerated MgAl2O4, and MgAl2O4-MnS. Thermodynamic calculation shows that MgAl2O4 precipitates in the liquid phase. The phase transformation follows liquid + Al2O3 + MgAl2O4 → liquid + MgAl2O4 → liquid + MgO + MgAl2O4 → liquid + MgO with the Mg content increasing when the Al content is a constant in molten steel, and it is in agreement with the experimental results for the formation of MgAl2O4 in molten steel. The calculation results of various attractive forces between two particles show that the cavity bridge force plays a dominant role in the agglomeration process and results in the agglomerated MgAl2O4. The lattice mismatch calculation result shows that MgAl2O4 can provide effective sites for MnS nucleating in steel.

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“…It is very difficult to eliminate all inclusions during the steelmaking process. In order to reduce the harm of inclusions, metallurgists make their best efforts to transform the sharp inclusions with high melting point to small curved inclusions by magnesium treatment [1][2][3][4][5] or liquid (or partially liquid) calcium treatment. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] On the other hand, inclusion size control is one of the effective measures to improve steel performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ca À log f O À log f Ca (2) where K 0 Ca ¼ ½%Ca½%O is the solubility product; h i and f i are the activity of element i in the molten iron and its activity coefficient relative to an innitely dilute solution on a mass percentage basis, respectively. The f i can be expressed as 13 log…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic insight into the growth of calcia inclusions at the nanoscale: the case of Fe–O–Ca melt

et al. 2019

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Effect of Mg Addition on the Refinement and Homogenized Distribution of Inclusions in Steel with Different Al Contents

Cited by 47 publications

References 51 publications

Inclusion Characteristics in 95CrMo Steels with Different Calcium and Sulfur Contents

Inclusion Characteristics in 95CrMo Steels with Different Calcium and Sulfur Contents

Thermodynamics and Agglomeration Behavior on Spinel Inclusion in Al-Deoxidized Steel Coupling with Mg Treatment

Thermodynamic insight into the growth of calcia inclusions at the nanoscale: the case of Fe–O–Ca melt

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