“…Inverse correlations were observed between the content of loosely bound metals and the activity of urease in alluvial and meadow-alluvial soils. Similar correlations between the activity of urease and the contents of mobile HMs in the soils of technogenically modified landscapes were earlier reported by other authors (Acosta-Martínez et al, 2007;Angelovičová and Fazekašová, 2014;Brockett et al, 2012;Hagmann et al, 2015).…”
“…Inverse correlations were observed between the content of loosely bound metals and the activity of urease in alluvial and meadow-alluvial soils. Similar correlations between the activity of urease and the contents of mobile HMs in the soils of technogenically modified landscapes were earlier reported by other authors (Acosta-Martínez et al, 2007;Angelovičová and Fazekašová, 2014;Brockett et al, 2012;Hagmann et al, 2015).…”
“…In fact, in many studies (e.g. Bellas et al 2012;Dewey et al 2012;Hagmann et al 2015;Hu et al 2013a, b), the inhibition of soil enzymes activities was only observed at higher metal concentrations than what was observed in this study.…”
Past mining activities in Swaziland have left a legacy of abandoned mine sites (iron ore, asbestos, diamond and coal mine dumps), all of which have not been reclaimed. These sites were recently (2013) considered by the country's wastewater treatment authorities as suitable places where biosolids can be applied, firstly as a biosolids disposal alternative and, secondly, as a strategy to accelerate mine soil remediation through phytostabilization. In order to understand the effects that this might have on mine soil conditions and microbiota, two (2) plant growth trials were conducted in biosolid-treated iron mine soils and one (1) trial on undisturbed soil, under greenhouse conditions, for twelve (12) weeks. According to the results obtained, the combination of biosolids and plants led to significant improvements (p \ 0.05) in parameters related to soil fertility. Significant increases (p \ 0.05) in alkaline phosphatase, b-glucosidase and urease soil enzyme activities were also observed. Copper and zinc were significantly (p \ 0.05) increased (Cu from 17.00-50.13 mg kg ); however, these sludge-derived metals did not affect enzyme activities. Improvements in soil physicochemical conditions, organic matter-metal complexes, effects of plants on metals and the essentiality of Cu and Zn to soil enzymes were thought to have masked the effects of metals. Increases in soil enzyme activities were considered to be indicative of improvements in the quality, fertility health and self-purification capacity of iron mine soils due to synergistic effects of biosolids and plants.
“…; Hagmann et al . ). However, designing or restoring aquatic systems to perform particular functions may actually compromise soil formation or biodiversity by disrupting the ecosystem (eg Bernhardt and Palmer ), leading to lower service provision or even the emergence of disservices.…”
Section: Accidental Functions Services and Disservicesmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…Furthermore, such services potentially involve less monetary input or regulatory effort than that for constructed wetlands, because they arise unintentionally from the presence of extant organisms and unwanted water in the urban environment. The presence of trash and contaminants in their soils and water, and exotic and invasive species within their plant and animal communities, may compromise some functions and services (but see Davis et al 2011;Hagmann et al 2015). However, designing or restoring aquatic systems to perform particular functions may actually compromise soil formation or biodiversity by disrupting the ecosystem (eg Bernhardt and Palmer 2007), leading to lower service provision or even the emergence of disservices.…”
Section: J Accidental Functions Services and Disservicesmentioning
“Accidental” urban wetlands are formed not through deliberate restoration or management activity, but as a product of land use and water infrastructure decisions by municipalities. Often formed in abandoned industrial, residential, or low‐lying commercial areas, where overland flows from storms and municipal water use accumulate, these ecosystems support wetland soils and plant communities. Research that we have conducted in the northeastern and southwestern US suggests that accidental wetlands are capable of counteracting anthropogenic eutrophication, providing habitats for important ecological communities, fostering biodiversity, and mitigating heat. Because the factors contributing to their formation are ubiquitous, accidental wetland systems are likely pervasive in urban landscapes, accounting for a substantial portion of aquatic habitat extent and influencing nutrient and water cycles within cities. They also provide ecosystem services at a fraction of the cost associated with more traditional environmental management efforts.
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