At the present time soils are exposed to increasing anthropogenic impact. The construction of new resorts, roads, pipelines -all of which can increase the soil pollution with heavy metals and oil. One of the most sensitive and informative indicators of the ecological condition of soils is the determination of the activity of the dehydrogenase. As a result, modeling studies found that pollution of chromium, copper, nickel, lead and oil reduces the dehydrogenase activity in all major soils of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus: southern chernozem, brown typical, brown leached, brown carbonate, brown forest acidic, brown forest acid podzolized, sod-carbonate typical, sodcarbonate leached soils, zheltozem. As a rule, for all investigated heavy metals and oil was a direct relationship between the content in the soil contaminant and the degree of reduction of the biological indicator. The results indicate that the most significant negative impact has chrome. In terms of the negative impact of the change dehydrogenase activity in the studied soils Black Sea coast heavy metal oxides to form the following generalized sequence: Cr > Cu ≥ Ni ≥ Pb. A comparative evaluation of the stability of the dehydrogenase activity to contamination with heavy metals and oil for the main soils of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. Heavy metal pollution is least affected dehydrogenase activity typical sod-carbonate soils. For oil pollution on a particular indicator were more stable brown soil Resistance to the chemical contamination of soil depends on the nature and concentrations of pollutants in the soil, as well as the genetic properties of the soil itself.