The biological activity of soils is an essential parameter of their ecological status. The anthropogenic Heavy Metals (HMs) disturb the normal functioning of soil biota and, hence, the entire soil system. The aim of this work was to estimate the toxicity of loosely bound HM compounds in Haplic Chernozem using parameters of cellulose-degrading and urease activities. Contamination of Haplic Chernozem with Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb enlarged the group of mobile (loosely bound to soil) metal compounds, which includes exchangeable, complexed and specifically sorbed compounds of HMs. The increase of mobile HM forms content in soil inhibited the cellulose-degrading and urease activities after 30 days of the input of metal into the soil. A decrease in the toxic effect of metals on the studied parameters mainly occurred in the next 30 days. It was found that all HM forms similarly affected biological activity parameters. During two months from the moment of soil contamination with HMs, their toxic effect on cellulose-degrading and urease activities decreased. According to the degree of inhibition of biological activity in Haplic Chernozem, the studied metals formed the following series: Cd >Pb > Zn > Cu.
The article presents the formation and development of the Russian economy in the field of ideology and methodology, taking into account the spiritual and moral laws and the meaning of modern life. Spiritual and moral ideology is considered from the perspective of economic problems and expectations of modern society. The analysis of economic goals in the historical continuum and in terms of spiritual values is carried out. The object and object of the economy are determined from the position of the Christian worldview. The article analyzes the formation of methodological approaches of economic science from the position of Christianity. The arguments in favor of the fact that spiritual laws in Christianity do not contradict, but represent the necessary basis for the considered methodological approaches, taking into account which normal progressive innovative economic development is possible.
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