Effect of Metabolic Reactions on Thermoregulation in Human Males and Females Body

Abstract

<p style="text-align:justify;" class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">The paper describes the study of metabolic effect relying on dermal thicknesses of males and females for temperature distribution of the layers of dermal part at various atmospheric temperatures. The study has been carried out for one dimensional steady and unsteady cases using finite element method. Lower percentage of muscle mass and higher percentage of adipose tissue in subcutaneous part of females result lower metabolic rate compared to males. Metabolism is considered as a heat source within the body tissue. The appropriate physical and physiological parameters together with suitable boundary conditions that affect the heat regulations have been incorporated in the model.</span> </p

Two dimensional finite element method for metabolic effect in thermoregulation on human males and females skin layers

“…For the numerical analysis males inner skin and fat metabolic level Table 1 have been assigned to each physical and physiological parameter in each subregion of dermal part [5,8,10]. Table 1 Parameter values used in model.…”

“…The relationships for metabolic rate between human males and females at fat and muscle parts are represented by low and average levels as shown in Figure 1 [5]. fibrillation occur and death [6].…”

“…The orientation of local nodal coordinate is taken as in Figure 4. [5,10] Arterial blood temperature T a have been considered zero in stratum corneum and stratum germinativum and T a = T b in papillary region, reticular region, muscle layer of ST, fatty layer of ST and each of their subregions.…”

Mathematical Study of Temperature Distribution in Human Dermal Part during Physical Exercises

“…• Neumann boundary condition: be the respective nodal temperatures at a distance x = 0, x measured from the outer surface of the skin and T (1) , T (2) , T (3) be the temperature functions of epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissues, respectively. The governing equation that characterized the heat regulation in in-vivo tissue of human body is given by the partial differential equation (1), which we write for 1D as:…”

“…Saxena [13] and his group [3,8,14] are working on various applications of bio-heat equation. In Nepal, Gurung [7] initiated the work in this direction, and his group [1,2,5,6] are working for various applications of bio-heat equations in biology and bio-medical sciences. Kumari and Adlakha [10] investigated a numerical model to study the effect of physical exercise on temperature distribution in peripheral layers of circular shaped human limbs considering time independent metabolic rate.…”