Effect of medetomidine, midazolam, ketamine, propofol and isoflurane on spinal reflexes in healthy dogs

Abstract

Background: Sometimes it is necessary to use sedatives or even general anaesthetics to examine animals with spinal cord injuries. These drugs may affect spinal reflexes, alter the outcome of neurological examinations, and make it difficult to diagnose location of the lesion. Objectives:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of five pre-anaesthetic and anaesthetic agents commonly used in clinics on spinal reflexes in dogs.Methods: Ten native adult dogs were participated in three groups. In all groups, the dogs were premedicated with medetomidine and midazolam; then, in the first group, ketamine, in the second group, propofol and in the third group, isoflurane were used for induction of anaesthesia. The spinal reflexes were evaluated before injection, 15 min after medetomidine, 20 min after midazolam, and at 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after induction of anaesthesia. Results:Medetomidine did not reduce monosynaptic reflexes (patellar and cranial tibial reflexes) but increased them while it had no effect on the polysynaptic limb withdrawal reflexes. Midazolam had no effect on the spinal reflexes; Ketamine did not affect the patellar, cranial tibial and extensor carpi radialis reflexes, but reduced polysynaptic pain-related reflexes; and propofol and isoflurane abolished the all spinal reflexes. Conclusions: Medetomidine, midazolam and ketamine have no effect on reducing monosynaptic reflexes (patellar and cranial tibial reflexes) and may be used for neurological examination of restless animals in the clinic. Propofol and isoflurane eliminated all spinal reflex responses and are not suitable for neurological examinations.