Effect of maternal vitamin D status on risk of adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of observational studies

The Relation between Vitamin D Deficiency and Fetal Growth Restriction in Pregnant Women

“…Zhao et al (15) disagreed with current study as they proved that a sufficient vitamin D status during pregnancy not associated with IUGR. Databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science for observational studies that fulfilled criteria as follows: cohort studies, case-cohort studies, or nested case-control studies.…”

An Exploration of How Solar Radiation Affects the Seasonal Variation of Human Mortality Rates and the Seasonal Variation in Some Other Common Disorders

“…Extremes of ambient temperature have adverse effects on birth outcomes, especially extremes of heat [126,127]. A recent literature review suggests that vitamin D deficiency has marked effects on pregnancy outcomes by increasing the risks of low birth weight, preterm birth and small-forgestational-age births [128]. Deficiency is also associated with increased risks of gestational diabetes.…”

Serum vitamin D levels and COVID-19 during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Pregnancy is among the physiological risk factors for low serum vitamin D levels, and several studies investigated the effect of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy [38]. It has been reported that low vitamin D levels are associated with an increased risk of pregnancy complications, including gestational diabetes mellitus [39], preeclampsia [40], preterm labor [41,42], low birth weight [43] and demand for a cesarean section [44]. The U.S. Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendation for vitamin D intake during pregnancy and lactation is 600 IU/day, while the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends supplementing 250e600 IU/day [45,46].…”