Effect of married women's beliefs about gender equity on their use of prenatal and delivery care in rural China

Cui, Ying; Zhang, Chenglong; Yang, Li; Ye, Jianli; Lv, Mentao

doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.05.021

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Few studies have documented awareness of human rights related to maternal health, but our results are similar to what has been found in another area of rural Bangladesh [22]. Our results are also consistent with studies carried out in China, exploring awareness of gender concepts and gender equity, closely related to human rights, which found a generally low level of awareness related to gender equity [23-25]. Building awareness of human rights and gender equity in resource-constrained settings like Bangladesh should be considered a priority for moving toward gender equality and realization of human rights as envisioned in global and national maternal health strategies [14].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Awareness and perceptions of women regarding human rights related to maternal health in rural Bangladesh

Perkins

Rahman

Siddique

et al. 2019

Journal of Global Health

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Background The global development community has increasingly come to frame preventable maternal mortality and morbidity principally as a violation of women’s basic human rights, necessitating a human rights-based approach to be appropriately addressed. In this article, we explore how human rights are understood and perceived in relation to maternal health at the local level in rural Bangladesh. This is essential given the momentum at the global level to promote rights and apply rights-based approaches to maternal health. Methods A community-based, cross-sectional household survey was conducted in three upazilas (sub-districts) of Brahmanbaria district, Bangladesh in 2018. A total of 1367 women with a birth outcome in the past 12 months were interviewed. Descriptive statistics were used to report the awareness and perceptions of human rights related to maternal health. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify the associations between awareness and perceptions of human rights and background characteristics and, finally, with the use of skilled maternal health services. Results Over two-thirds of women reported that they were aware that women have human rights related to maternal health. However, less than 10% were able to mention at least three specific human rights related to maternal health. Half of the women mentioned husbands as duty-bearers, while only 20% mentioned the government as a duty-bearer. One-third of women reported that they are able to realize their rights related to maternal health satisfactorily. Awareness and perceptions of human rights related to maternal health were significantly associated with higher educational attainment and wealth status. They were also associated with increased use of antenatal care. Conclusions These findings suggest that interventions promoting the awareness of human rights related to maternal health would be appropriate within the communities of rural Bangladesh as part of a broader human rights-based approach to improving maternal health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Awareness and perceptions of women regarding human rights related to maternal health in rural Bangladesh

Perkins

Rahman

Siddique

et al. 2019

Journal of Global Health

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“…The National Health Services Survey data from 2008 showed that women with a college education or higher were 2.86 times more likely to give birth in a hospital than those who were illiterate (6). A study in two provinces in 2007 found that women with highschool or higher education were 3.19 times more likely to receive any professional prenatal care than those with elementary education or less (44). The relationship between higher education and contraceptive use was also shown by studies in Anhui and Shanghai (45, 46).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several included studies showed that a low educational level (less than 6 years or illiterate) is closely related to limited knowledge about maternal health, contraceptives and warning signs of complications during pregnancy (15, 16), which, in turn, hinders poorly educated women from seeking maternal health care and using contraception (44, 46, 48). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ethnic minorities are disadvantaged in maternal health. Studies in the western provinces of China showed that ethnic minority women had lower utilization of maternal health care compared with Han ethnicity in the last 5 years, including at least five pre-natal visits, health facility delivery (13, 24, 44). We did not find any studies analyzing the MMR of minority groups per se in the last 10 years.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that gender equity awareness between husband and wife was positively related to utilization of pre-natal care and institutional delivery (44, 62), while male spouse's disapproval was an important barrier of contraceptive use (14, 46, 48). Studies have also shown that women who have had a son were less likely to obtain pre-natal care or institutional delivery (17, 63).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disadvantaged populations in maternal health in China who and why?

Yuan

Qian

Thomsen

2013

Global Health Action

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BackgroundChina has made impressive progress towards the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) for maternal and reproductive health, but ensuring that progress reaches all segments of the population remains a challenge for policy makers. The aim of this review is to map disadvantaged populations in terms of maternal health in China, and to explain the causes of these inequities to promote policy action.MethodsWe searched PUBMED, Popline, Proquest and WanFang and included primary studies conducted in mainland China. Experts were also contacted to identify additional studies. Disadvantaged populations in terms of MDG 5 and the reasons for this disadvantage explored by authors were identified and coded based on the conceptual framework developed by the WHO Commission on the Social Determinants of Health.ResultsIn China, differences in maternal health service utilization and the maternal mortality ratio among different income groups, and among regions with different socio-economic development still exist, although these differences are narrowing. Groups with low levels of education and ethnic minorities utilize maternal health care less frequently and experience higher maternal mortality, although we could not determine whether these differences have changed in the last decade. Rural-to-urban migrants use maternal health care and contraception to a lower extent than permanent residents of cities, and differential maternal mortality shows a widening trend among these groups. Gender inequity also contributes to the disadvantaged position of women. Intermediary factors that explain these inequities include material circumstances such as long distances to health facilities for women living in remote areas, behavioral factors such as traditional beliefs that result in reduced care seeking among ethnic minorities, and health system determinants such as out-of-pocket payments posing financial barriers for the poor.ConclusionsInequity in maternal health continues to be an issue worthy of greater programmatic and monitoring efforts in China.

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Influence of gender equity awareness on women's reproductive healthcare in rural areas of midwest China

Wang

Cui

Zhang

et al. 2013

International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics

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Effect of married women's beliefs about gender equity on their use of prenatal and delivery care in rural China

Abstract: Overall, women in China's rural Xinjiang and Anhui provinces do not hold strong convictions about gender equity. There was a positive correlation between belief in gender equity and use of prenatal and delivery care.

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Awareness and perceptions of women regarding human rights related to maternal health in rural Bangladesh

Awareness and perceptions of women regarding human rights related to maternal health in rural Bangladesh

Disadvantaged populations in maternal health in China who and why?

Influence of gender equity awareness on women's reproductive healthcare in rural areas of midwest China

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