Effect of Manure and Irrigation on Sodium Bicarbonate‐Extractable Phosphorus

Abstract

Data for the NaHCO3‐extracted P in soil samples taken at the end of a 4‐year field experiment on a Hanford sandy loam (Typic Xeror‐thent) are presented. The main variables consisted of six rates of manure combined with two rates of irrigation water. The extractable P in the 0‐ to 0.3‐m depth increased for all manure rates. At the 0.3‐ to 0.6‐m and 0.6‐ to 0.9‐m depths, increases were found for only the highest rates. At the 0.9‐ to 1.2‐m depth there was a statistically significant increase only with the highest rate for the low irrigation treatment. The extractable P was consistently lower in the 0‐ to 0.3‐m depth for the high irrigation. At the lower depths there was a suggestion of higher extractable P with the high irrigation, but this effect was not consistent. The P in a fresh liquid manure appeared to move more readily into lower soil depths than a solid corral weathered material.

Liquid Cattle Manure Application to Soil and Its Effect on Crop Growth, Yield, Composition, and on Soil Properties

“…However, the P leaching cannot be excluded (Pratt & Laag, 1981;Tarkalson & Leytem, 2009), since appreciable amounts of water soluble P can be found in the LCM (Kleinman et al, 2005). Again, P accumulation in the upper soil layer was found after LCM applications for many years and/or at high rates Pratt & Laag, 1981;Sutton et al, 1986).…”

“…Upon the use of LCM as an organic fertilizer for crops, soil availability of the plant macronutrients N, P and K is expected to be increased and maintained at desirable levels, when LCM is applied at optimal rates (Beauchamp, 1983;Culley et al, 1981;Lithourgidis et al, 2007;Matsi et al, 2003;Pratt & Laag, 1981;Randall et al, 2000;Sutton et al, 1979Sutton et al, , 1986Zhang et al, 2006). On the other hand, there are certain risks of plant macronutrients accumulation in the soil and their subsequent losses to the underground water or to surface water reservoirs (Misselbrook, et al, 1995;Soupir et al, 2006).…”

“…These risks are more pronounced in the case of LCM application at high rates and/or for a long period. Such risks are mainly the NO 3 -loss below the root zone due to leaching and P accumulation in the top soil and its subsequent loss in the runoff Evans et al, 1977;Pratt & Laag, 1981;Sutton et al, 1979Sutton et al, , 1986Vellidis et al, 1996), although also NO 3 -loss in the runoff and P leaching cannot be excluded. However, it is uncertain if these risks are greater in the case of LCM application than when applying inorganic fertilizers (Beauchamp, 1983(Beauchamp, , 1986Comfort et al, 1987;Daliparthy et al, 1994;Heathwaite et al, 1998;Lithourgidis et al, 2007;Motavalli et al, 1985Randall et al, 2000).…”

“…Due to the high quantity of immediately available N, LCM can be as efficient as inorganic fertilizers in satisfying plant needs in respect to N, when it is applied at equivalent rates (Kaffka & Kanneganti, 1996;Lithourgidis et al, 2007;Matsi et al, 2003;Zhang et al, 2006). In addition to N, LCM can increase soil available P and K, upon its use as an organic fertilizer (Beauchamp, 1983;Culley et al, 1981;Lithourgidis et al, 2007;Matsi et al, 2003;Pratt & Laag, 1981;Randall et al, 2000;Sutton et al, 1979Sutton et al, , 1986Zhang et al, 2006).…”

“…Apart from the beneficial effects of using LCM as an organic fertilizer, certain adverse effects might be involved for plants, soils and the environment upon LCM application to soil; such as increasing salinity in the soil profile, NO 3 -N leaching to the underground water and P accumulation in the top soil (with its subsequent translocation to surface water reservoirs) (Beauchamp, 1983(Beauchamp, , 1986Comfort et al, 1987;Culley et al, 1981;Daliparthy et al, 1994;Evans et al, 1977;Heathwaite et al, 1998;Lithourgidis et al, 2007;Motavalli et al, 1985;Phillips et al, 1981;Pratt & Laag, 1981;Sutton et al, 1979Sutton et al, , 1986Vellidis et al, 1996). These adverse effects are mainly connected to LCM application for long periods and/or at high rates and such applications should be avoided.…”