Effect of management practices and cropping systems on earthworm abundance and microbial activity in Sanborn Field: a 115-year-old agricultural field

Jordan, D.; Miles, Randall J.; Hubbard, V. C.; Lorenz, Todd E.

doi:10.1016/j.pedobi.2003.06.001

Cited by 53 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Diante do exposto, os resultados apontam que o CBM mostrou-se mais adequado que o COT para predizer a resposta do sistema edáfico às intervenções antrópicas, reforçando o seu potencial como indicador sensível para detectar modificações no solo (Andréa et al, 2002;Jordan et al, 2004;Díaz-Raviña et al, 2005), antes mesmo que os teores de matéria orgânica sejam alterados significativamente (Matsuoka et al, 2003).…”

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“…O emprego de sistemas de cultivo e práticas de manejo do solo como o monocultivo, aração e gradagem, aplicações de agrotóxicos, adubos e corretivos, entre outras, podem desequilibrar a microbiota, reduzindo a diversidade dos microrganismos e a ciclagem de nutrientes, podendo resultar em degradação do solo e menor produtividade das culturas (Jordan et al, 2004;Díaz-Raviña et al, 2005). As diferentes culturas agrícolas, em razão de apresentarem características distintas (ciclo de vida, ambiente de rizosfera, produção e deposição de material vegetal sobre e dentro do solo, entre outras) e exigências específicas (preparo do solo, adubação, irrigação, podas, entre outras), promovem influências e alterações distintas sobre a biomassa microbiana do solo e sua atividade (Johnson et al, 2003;Matsuoka et al, 2003).…”

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Indicadores biológicos de qualidade do solo em diferentes sistemas de uso no brejo paraibano

et al. 2009

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RESUMOA avaliação da qualidade do solo é uma ferramenta importante para monitorar a sua degradação, bem como planejar a implantação de práticas sustentáveis de manejo. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar indicadores biológicos de qualidade do solo em um Latossolo Amarelo distrófico, submetido a diferentes sistemas de uso em Areia-PB. Foram utilizadas amostras de solo coletadas na camada arável (0-20 cm) em áreas de mata nativa, fruticultura, cana-de-açúcar, sucessão de cultivos, pastagem e consórcio de culturas. Foram avaliados o carbono orgânico total (COT), carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM), quociente microbiano (qMic), respiração basal (RB) e quociente metabólico (qCO 2 ). Os resultados obtidos indicaram que as áreas sob gramíneas apresentaram uma tendência de manutenção do COT e menores reduções no CBM, entretanto, apresentaram elevados valores de qCO 2 , indicando a ocorrência de um processo degradativo. A área sob fruticultura apresentou leves reduções no COT e CBM e baixos valores de qCO 2 , indicando que esse sistema pode estar se ajustando a um novo estado de equilíbrio. As áreas sob sucessão de cultivos e consórcio de culturas apresentaram as maiores reduções no COT e CBM e elevados valores de qCO 2 , demonstrando um elevado estágio de degradação desses sistemas. Pode-se concluir que todos os sistemas agrícolas estudados promoveram perda de qualidade do solo, sendo esse fato mais pronunciado nas áreas sob manejo mais intensivo. O CBM e qCO 2 mostraram-se bastantes sensíveis às alterações decorrentes do uso agrícola do solo, apresentando grande potencial para estudos de sua qualidade.Termos para indexação: Agroecossistema, biomassa microbiana, atividade microbiana, quociente microbiano, quociente metabólico. ABSTRACTSoil quality evaluation is an important tool for the monitoring of soil degradation as well as for planning the adoption of sustainable agricultural management practices. The objective of this study was to evaluate some biological indicators of the soil quality of a dystrophic Yellow Latosol (Oxisol) under different land use systems in Areia, Paraíba, Brazil. Soil samples were taken form the plow layer (0-20 cm) at six sites: native vegetation (moist Atlantic forest), fruit culture (cashew crop), sugarcane, crop succession (sorghum/common bean/castor bean), pasture (Brachiaria decumbens), and a combined cropping system (castor bean + sorghum). Total organic carbon (TOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial quotient (qMic), basal respiration (BR) and metabolic quotient (qCO 2 ) were evaluated. The results indicated that treatments under grasses, such as sugarcane and pasture, showed a tendency to maintain the TOC contents with lower reductions in MBC. However, higher qCO 2 values were found under these treatments, which may indicate the occurrence of degradation processes. Slight reductions in TOC and MBC values and low qCO 2 values were verified in the cashew crop, suggesting that the soil under this system could be adjusting to a new equilibrium state. Crop succession and combined...

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Indicadores biológicos de qualidade do solo em diferentes sistemas de uso no brejo paraibano

et al. 2009

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“…Earthworm activity was signifi cantly lowered in treatments with no fertility or if food sources were lacking. Microbial activity trends refl ected those of earthworm abundance (Jordan et al, 2004).…”

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“…All fi ve enzyme activities were signifi cantly large in treatments that received manure regardless of crop type relative to fertilizer inputs (Eivazi et al, 2003). Jordan et al (2004) assessed the infl uence of cropping systems and management on earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) populations and microbial activity of selected plots with sampling in the spring and fall seasons. Microbial activity was largest during the spring season.…”

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The Sanborn Field Experiment: Implications for Long‐Term Soil Organic Carbon Levels

Miles

Brown

2011

Agronomy Journal

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With the potential for generating biofuels from crop residues, many scientists and policymakers are seeking data on what would be the long‐term influence of biomass removal on soil organic matter levels. This paper shares the experience of 100 yr of various cropping systems management applications to soil organic carbon (SOC) levels on historic Sanborn Field. Established in 1888, Sanborn Field has employed monocultures and crop rotations to assess the influence of various treatments on crop yield, changes in soil properties, and long‐term sustainability. Soil samples to nearly 1 m from 1915, 1938, 1962, and 1988 for selected cropping management practices were analyzed for SOC. In the initial design of the plot plan, residues from Sanborn Field were removed from plots to simulate the use of these materials in an animal production system. In 1950 the management program was changed to return residues to each specific plot and for increased utilization of N fertilizers. Little increase in SOC was observed in samples from 1962, 12 yr after the return of residues. In many systems, surface SOC decreased from 1915 to 1962 with an increase for the 1988 samples. After initiation of residue return, manure only treatments nearly returned to 1915 SOC contents in the surface soil. This increase was a result of the nutrients from the manure in concert with the residues. SOC distribution over the time period for rotations did not follow the patterns of monocultures. It appears that an equilibrium level of SOC for some cropping systems takes about 30 to 40 yr to develop. Initial active carbon (AC) content assessment as a proxy for soil quality shows greater AC with manure and higher input management systems. The AC had a wide seasonal flux within a growing season as a function of temperature and moisture fluxes on microbial activity.

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“…Conservation tillage, addition of nutrients either in organic or inorganic form for adequate crop production, and favourable soil moisture are all important in maintaining earthworm abundance and microbial activity in long-and short-term studies (Jordan et al 2004).…”

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Relation between chemical indices of soil and earthworm abundance under chemical fertilization

Iordache¹,

Borza²

2010

Plant Soil Environ.

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The study intended to establish how the dynamics of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) changes in soil (abundance, biomass), under conditions of mineral fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorous in four different doses, in a 33-year experimental placement in the west of Romania, in wheat-soybean-maize-barley rotation. The soil indices taken into study were: pH, humus, total nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. Statistical connections between the studied factors were realized using the dispersion analysis ANOVA and the SPSS Software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). The study showed an increase of earthworm abundance and biomass under conditions of chemical fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorous. The highest number of earthworms was recorded in the treatment with the largest dose of nitrogen fertilizer (by 85.85% higher compared to the control treatment). The greatest positive influence on earthworm abundance and biomass was manifested in humus and total nitrogen. The greatest negative influence on earthworm abundance was found in pH factor, while phosphorous content of soil exerted the greatest negative influence on earthworm biomass.

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Effect of management practices and cropping systems on earthworm abundance and microbial activity in Sanborn Field: a 115-year-old agricultural field

Cited by 53 publications

References 20 publications

Indicadores biológicos de qualidade do solo em diferentes sistemas de uso no brejo paraibano

Indicadores biológicos de qualidade do solo em diferentes sistemas de uso no brejo paraibano

The Sanborn Field Experiment: Implications for Long‐Term Soil Organic Carbon Levels

Relation between chemical indices of soil and earthworm abundance under chemical fertilization

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