Effect of magnesium on the intestinal absorption of calcium in man.

Spencer, Herta; Fuller, Harvey L.; Norris, C; Williams, David N.

doi:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718439

Cited by 48 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, the results of the action of Mg on Ca metabolism reported in many animal species are controversial. When the dietary level of Mg was raised, Ca absorption was increased in human [7], rats [11] and ponies [18], but was not changed in human [35] and sheep [19]. Further, it is recently reported that the apparent calcium absorption of rats fed a diet containing 0.025% Mg was lower than those of rats fed 0.05% Mg, but was higher than those of rats fed 0.15% Mg [36].…”

Section: Dietary Magnesium Increases Calcium Absorption Of Ovine Smalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary magnesium increases calcium absorption of ovine small intestine in vivo and in vitro

et al. 2002

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Section: Dietary Magnesium Increases Calcium Absorption Of Ovine Smalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary magnesium increases calcium absorption of ovine small intestine in vivo and in vitro

et al. 2002

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“…The Panel considers that no conclusions can be drawn from this study because of the absence of an equilibration period with a standardised diet and metabolic ward conditions. Spencer et al (1994) evaluated balances of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in five healthy males at two different intake levels of calcium (240 and 800 mg/day) and magnesium (about 250 and 800 mg/day). Dietary phosphorus was about 800 mg/day (range of means in four studies 765-858 mg/day).…”

Section: Balance Studies In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for phosphorus

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Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies derived Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) for phosphorus. The Panel considered data from balance studies, losses of phosphorus from the body and intestinal absorption for possible use in a factorial approach, and studies on phosphorus intake and long-term health outcomes. The Panel concluded that these data were insufficient for setting DRVs for phosphorus. Data on the calcium to phosphorus ratio in bones of healthy adults, adjusted for the proportion of phosphorus found outside bone, and data on whole-body calcium and phosphorus contents in Caucasian adults indicate that the calcium to phosphorus molar ratio in the body ranges from 1.4:1 to 1.9:1. Although the fractional absorption of phosphorus is higher than that of calcium, the Panel considered that the actual amounts of calcium and phosphorus that are available for absorption from the diet cannot be determined; therefore, the whole-body calcium to phosphorus ratio was used to set DRVs. The data were considered insufficient to derive Average Requirements and Population Reference Intakes. Based on the DRVs for calcium and considering a molar calcium to phosphorus ratio of 1.4:1 to 1.9:1, amounts of phosphorus were calculated. The Panel chose the lower bound of this range (a ratio of 1.4:1, which results in a higher phosphorus intake value) for setting an Adequate Intake (AI), taking into account estimated phosphorus intakes in Western countries, which are considerably higher than the values calculated. The AI is 160 mg/day for infants (7-11 months) and between 250 and 640 mg/day for children. For adults, the AI is 550 mg/day. Taking into consideration adaptive changes in phosphorus metabolism that occur during pregnancy and lactation, it was considered that the AI for adults also applies to pregnant and lactating women. Phosphorus is involved in many physiological processes, such as in the cell's energy cycle, in regulation of the body's acid-base balance, as a component of the cell structure, in cell regulation and signalling, and in the mineralisation of bones and teeth. About 85 % of the body's phosphorus is in bones and teeth, 14 % is in soft tissues, including muscle, liver, heart and kidney, and only 1 % is present in extracellular fluids. Phosphorus homeostasis is intricately linked to that of calcium because of the actions of calcium-regulating hormones, such as parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D (1,25(OH) 2 D), at the level of the bone, the gut and the kidneys. © EuropeanPhosphorus absorption occurs through passive diffusion and sodium-dependent active transport and via paracellular and cellular pathways. In adults, limited data suggest that net phosphorus absorption ranges from 55 to 80 % of intake. Phosphorus absorption is affected by the total amount of phosphorus in the diet and also by the type of phosphorus (organic versus inorganic), the food origin (animalversus plant-derived) and the ratio of phosphorus to oth...

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“…Balance studies performed either in children or in adults did not detect an interaction between magnesium and calcium balances (Greger et al, 1978;Spencer et al, 1994;Andon et al, 1996;Abrams et al, 1997;Milne and Nielsen, 2000;Klevay and Milne, 2002). However, in two studies, calcium balance was significantly higher under conditions of negative magnesium balance (at magnesium intakes of 107 and 118 mg/day) than with a positive magnesium balance (at magnesium intakes of 318 and 327 mg/day) (Nielsen, 2004;Nielsen et al, 2007).…”

Section: Interaction With Other Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the basis of data from balance studies (Lakshmanan et al, 1984;Spencer et al, 1994), the French Food Safety Agency (Afssa, 2001) determined an Average Requirement (AR) for adults of 350 mg/day or 5 mg/kg body weight per day. By applying a coefficient of variation (CV) of 10 %, a PRI of 6 mg/kg body weight per day was set.…”

Section: Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Applying a CV of 10 % to these EARs resulted in Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) of 400 and 310 mg/day for men and women, respectively. For men aged 31-50 years, balance studies of Kelsay et al (1979); Kelsay and Prather (1983); Mahalko et al (1983);Lakshmanan et al (1984) and Spencer et al (1994) were considered. As there were more instances of negative balance in the intake range of 300-350 mg/day for subjects in this age range, the EAR was set at a slightly higher amount, i.e.…”

Section: Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for magnesium

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Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) derived Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) for magnesium. The Panel considers that Average Requirements (ARs) and Population Reference Intakes (PRIs) for magnesium cannot be derived for adults, infants or children, and therefore defines Adequate Intakes (AIs), based on observed intakes in healthy populations in the European Union (EU). This approach considers the range of average magnesium intakes estimated by EFSA from dietary surveys in children and adults in nine EU countries. For adults, an AI for magnesium is set at 350 mg/day for men and 300 mg/day for women. For children aged 1 to < 3 years, an AI for magnesium is set at 170 mg/day for both sexes. For children aged 3 to < 10 years, an AI for magnesium is set at 230 mg/day for both sexes. For children aged 10 to < 18 years, an AI for magnesium is set at 300 mg/day for boys and 250 mg/day for girls. For infants aged 7-11 months, an AI for magnesium of 80 mg/day is derived by extrapolating upwards from the estimated magnesium intake in exclusively breast-fed infants aged 0-6 months and by considering observed average intakes in the few surveys for which data are available. For pregnant and lactating women, the Panel considers that there is no evidence for an increased need for magnesium, and the same AI is set for them as for non-pregnant, non-lactating women. Magnesium is an alkaline earth metal. It occurs as the free cation Mg 2+ in aqueous solutions or as the mineral part of a large variety of compounds, including chlorides, carbonates and hydroxides. Magnesium is a cofactor of more than 300 enzymatic reactions, acting either on the enzyme itself as a structural or catalytic component or on the substrate, especially for reactions involving ATP, which make magnesium essential in the intermediary metabolism for the synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins, as well as for specific actions in various organs in the neuromuscular or cardiovascular system. Magnesium deficiency can cause hypocalcaemia and hypokalaemia, leading to neurological or cardiac symptoms when it is associated with marked hypomagnesaemia. Owing to the widespread involvement of magnesium in numerous physiological functions and the metabolic interactions between magnesium and other minerals, it is difficult to relate magnesium deficiency to specific symptoms.Magnesium absorption takes place in the distal intestine, mainly as the ionised form. Percentage absorption is generally considered to be 40-50 %, but figures from 10 to 70 % have also been reported. Magnesium absorption can be inhibited by phytic acid and phosphate and enhanced by the fermentation of soluble dietary fibre, although the physiological relevance of these interactions at adequate intakes remains to be established.The majority of the body magnesium content is stored in bone (about 60 %) and muscle (about 25 %). A small amount is present in the serum, mainly as the free cation. Most cells ...

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Effect of magnesium on the intestinal absorption of calcium in man.

Abstract: The increased Mg intake of 826 mg did not affect intestinal Ca absorption determined with tracer doses of 47Ca during Ca intakes of 241 and 812 mg/day.

Cited by 48 publications

References 39 publications

Dietary magnesium increases calcium absorption of ovine small intestine in vivo and in vitro

Dietary magnesium increases calcium absorption of ovine small intestine in vivo and in vitro

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for phosphorus

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for magnesium

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