Effect of Macronutrient Composition on Postprandial Peptide YY Levels

Essah, Paulina A.; Levy, James R.; Sistrun, Sakita N.; Kelly, Susan; Nestler, John E.

doi:10.1210/jc.2006-2273

Cited by 106 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…When expressed relative to energy content rather than weight of food, protein exerts the strongest effect on satiety whilst fat exerts the weakest effect (44). The differential effects of dietary macronutrients may relate to differences in pre-ingestive cognitive and sensory signals generated at the time of consumption (45) and/or the post-ingestive metabolic effects of these foods (46)(47)(48). For example, the macronutrient composition of meals mediates the secretion of post-prandial satiety hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY (46)(47)(48).…”

Section: Appetite Regulation In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The differential effects of dietary macronutrients may relate to differences in pre-ingestive cognitive and sensory signals generated at the time of consumption (45) and/or the post-ingestive metabolic effects of these foods (46)(47)(48). For example, the macronutrient composition of meals mediates the secretion of post-prandial satiety hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY (46)(47)(48). However, while the acute effects of different dietary macronutrient intake are becoming clearer, there is on-going debate regarding the effect of long-term diets differing in macronutrient composition on weight loss efficacy (49).…”

Section: Appetite Regulation In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy balance, body composition, sedentariness and appetite regulation: pathways to obesity

2016

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Energy balance is not a simple algebraic sum of energy expenditure and energy intake as often depicted in communications. Energy balance is a dynamic process and there exist reciprocal effects between food intake and energy expenditure. An important distinction is that of metabolic and behavioural components of energy expenditure. These components not only contribute to the energy budget directly, but also by influencing the energy intake side of the equation. It has recently been demonstrated that resting metabolic rate is a potential driver of energy intake, and evidence is accumulating on the influence of physical activity (behavoiural energy expenditure) on mechanisms of satiety and appetite control. These effects are associated with changes in leptin and insulin sensitivity, and in the plasma levels of gastrointestinal peptides such as glucagon-like peptide-1, ghrelin and cholecystokinin. The influence of fat-free mass on energy expenditure and as a driver of energy intake directs attention to molecules emanating from skeletal tissue as potential appetite signals.Sedentariness (physical inactivity) is positively associated with adiposity and is proposed to be a source of overconsumption and appetite dysregulation. The molecular signals underlying these effects are not known but represent a target for research. Running title:Energy Balance, Body Composition and Appetite Regulation Key words:Appetite regulation, energy intake, fat-free mass, resting metabolic rate, sedentariness. ENERGY BALANCE REGULATION: A DYNAMIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOURWeight gain is often explained as a function energy balance, with sustained periods of excess energy intake over energy expenditure thought to promote the accumulation of adipose tissue. Unfortunately however system, in which reductions in energy intake, or increases in energy expenditure, automatically lead to energy deficit, and in turn, weight loss. This approach is simplistic and belies the complexity of energy balance regulation in humans in the current obesogenic environment. Furthermore, it ignores the potential for behavioral or biological adaptation to restore energy homeostasis during periods of energy deficit or surfeit (1). Rather than being static, the regulation of energy balance is a dynamic process in which perturbations to one component of energy balance may elicit biological and/or behavioral compensation in other components of the system. These auto-regulatory or compensatory responses act to minimize perturbations to energy homeostasis, in turn, body weight (1, 2). For example, it has been suggested that some individuals experience a compensatory reduction in resting energy expenditure, termed adaptive thermogenesis (3), following dietary (4, 5) and exercise-induced (6) weight loss. Compensation may also be behavioural in nature, with dietary (7, 8) and exercise-induced (9, 10) weight loss shown to result in increased fasting hunger (although such changes in subjective appetite do not always translate into changes in actual beha...

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Section: Appetite Regulation In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appetite Regulation In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy balance, body composition, sedentariness and appetite regulation: pathways to obesity

2016

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“…Reportedly, the anorectic effect of PYY is preserved in patients with morbid obesity (OB), who under baseline conditions exhibit reduced fasting and postprandial levels of the peptide (28). Along this line, a negative association between PYY concentrations and markers of adiposity has been reported in some, but not all, studies in adults, children, and infants (28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of somatostatin infusion on peptide YY secretion: studies in the acute and recovery phase of anorexia nervosa and in obesity

Rigamonti

Cella

Bonomo

et al. 2011

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Changes in many gastrointestinal peptides, including the anorexigenic peptide YY (PYY), which is produced by L cells, occur in both anorexia nervosa (AN) and obesity (OB). High PYY levels are present in AN, whereas in morbid OB fasting and postprandial PYY secretion is blunted. Somatostatin (somatotropin release-inhibiting factor (SRIF)) reportedly inhibits plasma PYY concentrations in animals and healthy humans, but the effect of a SRIF infusion on spontaneous PYY secretion in AN and OB is unknown. Methods: A total of 18 young women, seven with acute AN (A-AN), four with AN in the recovery phase (R-AN), and seven with morbid OB, were studied. All subjects underwent an infusion of SRIF (9 mg/kg i.v./h, over 60 min), with blood samples drawn before and at different time intervals after SRIF administration. Plasma PYY levels were measured at each time point. Results: SRIF significantly inhibited plasma PYY concentrations in R-AN and OB, without affecting PYY titers in A-AN. In OB, the inhibitory effect of SRIF also persisted at 90 min. Withdrawal of SRIF infusion in R-AN resulted in a prompt restoration of basal plasma PYY levels, whereas termination of SRIF infusion in OB was followed by a slower increase of PYY titers toward baseline levels. After infusion, PYY D area under the curve (DAUC) in R-AN was significantly higher than those in A-AN and OB patients. A significant difference in PYY DAUC between A-AN and OB was present. Conclusions: These results suggest the existence of a hypo-and hyper-sensitivity of L cells to the inhibitory effect of SRIF in A-AN and OB respectively.

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“…This hierarchical effect has been demonstrated under a variety of laboratory and free-living conditions using subjective measures of appetite, biomarkers of satiety and food intake (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) . However, the underlying metabolic and, in particular, behavioural mechanisms that promote overconsumption following the consumption of energy-dense, high-fat foods are not well understood.The differential effects of dietary macronutrients on satiety may relate to differences in pre-ingestive cognitive and sensory signals generated at the time of consumption (12) and/or the post-ingestive metabolic effects of these foods (13)(14)(15) . However, recent evidence suggests that the hedonic value of foods encountered after consumption (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differing effects of high-fat or high-carbohydrate meals on food hedonics in overweight and obese individuals

et al. 2016

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Although the effects of dietary fat and carbohydrate on satiety are well documented, little is known about the impact of these macronutrients on food hedonics. We examined the effects of ad libitum and isoenergetic meals varying in fat and carbohydrate on satiety, energy intake and food hedonics. In all, sixty-five overweight and obese individuals (BMI = 30·9 (SD 3·8) kg/m 2 ) completed two separate test meal days in a randomised order in which they consumed high-fat/low-carbohydrate (HFLC) or low-fat/high-carbohydrate (LFHC) foods. Satiety was measured using subjective appetite ratings to calculate the satiety quotient. Satiation was assessed by intake at ad libitum meals. Hedonic measures of explicit liking (subjective ratings) and implicit wanting (speed of forced choice) for an array of HFLC and LFHC foods were also tested before and after isoenergetic HFLC and LFHC meals. The satiety quotient was greater after ad libitum and isoenergetic meals during the LFHC condition compared with the HFLC condition (P = 0·006 and P = 0·001, respectively), whereas ad libitum energy intake was lower in the LFHC condition (P < 0·001). Importantly, the LFHC meal also reduced explicit liking (P < 0·001) and implicit wanting (P = 0·011) for HFLC foods compared with the isoenergetic HFLC meal, which failed to suppress the hedonic appeal of subsequent HFLC foods. Therefore, when coupled with increased satiety and lower energy intake, the greater suppression of hedonic appeal for high-fat food seen with LFHC foods provides a further mechanism for why these foods promote better short-term appetite control than HFLC foods.Key words: Explicit liking: Implicit wanting: Macronutrient composition: Energy intake: Satiety: Food hedonicsThe role of dietary carbohydrate in the aetiology and treatment of obesity is controversial, with some arguing that carbohydrate intake has a more prominent role in promoting overconsumption and weight gain than dietary fat (1,2) . Although this view has been strongly debated (3) , it has long been established that dietary macronutrients exert a hierarchical effect on appetite-related processes such as satiety and short-term food intake (4) . When expressed relative to energy content rather than weight of food, protein exerts the strongest effect on satiety, followed by carbohydrate, whilst fat exerts the weakest effect (5) . This hierarchical effect has been demonstrated under a variety of laboratory and free-living conditions using subjective measures of appetite, biomarkers of satiety and food intake (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) . However, the underlying metabolic and, in particular, behavioural mechanisms that promote overconsumption following the consumption of energy-dense, high-fat foods are not well understood.The differential effects of dietary macronutrients on satiety may relate to differences in pre-ingestive cognitive and sensory signals generated at the time of consumption (12) and/or the post-ingestive metabolic effects of these foods (13)(14)(15) . However, recent evidence suggests that the...

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Effect of Macronutrient Composition on Postprandial Peptide YY Levels

Abstract: These data show that a LCHF diet stimulates PYY secretion more than a LFHC diet in obese individuals.

Cited by 106 publications

References 14 publications

Energy balance, body composition, sedentariness and appetite regulation: pathways to obesity

Energy balance, body composition, sedentariness and appetite regulation: pathways to obesity

Effect of somatostatin infusion on peptide YY secretion: studies in the acute and recovery phase of anorexia nervosa and in obesity

Differing effects of high-fat or high-carbohydrate meals on food hedonics in overweight and obese individuals

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