Effect of machining processes on the damage response and surface quality of open hole hybrid carbon/flax composites: An experimental study

Hoekstra, Braedon; Shekarian, A.; Khayat, Kamal H.; Oguamanam, D. C. D.; Zitoune, Rédouane; Bougherara, Habiba

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.115244

Cited by 13 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The delamination factors for these specimens are listed in descending order as 1.06 (CF[0]-AWJ), 0.831 (F[0]-CD), 0.777 (F[0]-AWJ), and 0.407 (CF[0]-CD). 16 This directly correlates with the stiffness damage evolutions. For the cross-ply layup, it is observed that the hybrid laminates accumulate less damage than their corresponding pure flax (see Figure 13(a)) which also shows a direct correlation between delamination factor and the stiffness damage evolution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…In Figures 12–14, the curve-fits of the stiffness damage and plastic strain evolution for the open-hole flax composites machined by AWJ and CD are compared to results of damage evolution for open-hole woven carbon/flax/epoxy hybrid composites machined by AWJ and CD reported by Hoekstra et al 16 The curve-fits for hybrid composites that are made of 12 layers of flax fibres (F) sandwiched in four layers of woven carbon fibres (C) with a circular hole machined by CD or AWJ are shown for three configurations: woven carbon/unidirectional flax/epoxy [0–90 C2 /0 F6 ] S (identified as CF[0]), woven carbon/cross-ply flax/epoxy [0–90 C2 /(0/90) F3 ] S (identified as CF[0/90]), and woven carbon/angle-ply flax/epoxy [0–90 C2 /(±45) F3 ] S (identified as CF[±45]) laminates. For all layups, the stiffness damage of the flax composites is higher up to approximately 1.4% strain.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the cross-ply layup, it is observed that the hybrid laminates accumulate less damage than their corresponding pure flax (see Figure 13(a)) which also shows a direct correlation between delamination factor and the stiffness damage evolution. 16…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was observed that the damage accumulated during the fatigue testing of laminates machined by CD was more significant than for AWJ-machined laminates. Hoekstra et al 15,16 experimentally compared the tensile strength and damage evolution for carbon/flax/epoxy hybrid composites with an open-hole machined by CD and AWJ. The AWJ specimens with unidirectional and angle-ply layups were observed to accumulate more damage than the corresponding CD specimens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of conventional drilling and abrasive water jet induced damage on the mechanical response of flax/epoxy laminates with holes

Hoekstra

Khayat

Oguamanam

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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Many engineering applications using composite materials require an assembly of components which can be accomplished using adhesives, welding, or fasteners. The last requires the machining of holes, which are usually done via conventional drilling or abrasive water jet process. The choice of the machining process is important because it has a direct impact on the surface quality of the machined holes, and, consequently, on the performance of the composite structure. Although most studies on the effect of machining methods were focused on conventional composites, little is known about the effect of conventional drilling (CD) and Abrasive water jet (AWJ) machining methods on the mechanical behaviour of flax composites with holes. This study is the first to experimentally investigate the influence of the machining process in pure flax/epoxy composites with three different layups, namely, unidirectional (F[0]), cross-ply (F[0/90]) and angle-ply (F[±45]). A delamination factor was employed to evaluate the degree of delamination damage around the surface of the hole. The lowest delamination factor at the exit of the hole was observed for F[0]-AWJ with a value of 0.777 and the highest was observed for the F[±45]-AWJ with a value of 1.484. Damage analyses of the layups under a quasi-static loading condition showed that the average final stiffness damage for F[0]-CD was 13% greater than that of F[0]-AWJ, and for F[0/90]-AWJ and F[±45]-AWJ were respectively 25% and 27% greater than their counterpart samples machined by CD method. The damage results correlate well with the delamination factor.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of conventional drilling and abrasive water jet induced damage on the mechanical response of flax/epoxy laminates with holes

Hoekstra

Khayat

Oguamanam

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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“…Hoekstra et al examined the effects of machining processes on the damage response and surface quality of open-hole hybrid carbon/flax composites. Furthermore, delamination at the hole’s entry and departure, as well as secondary delamination, had a significant impact on the laminates’ damage progression [ 175 ].…”

Section: Failure Mode Of Perforation Resistance On Hybrid Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical, Mechanical and Perforation Resistance of Natural-Synthetic Fiber Interply Laminate Hybrid Composites

et al. 2022

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Natural and synthetic fibres have emerged in high demand due to their excellent properties. Natural fibres have good mechanical properties and are less expensive, making them a viable substitute for synthetic fibers. Owing to certain drawbacks such as their inconsistent quality and hydrophilic nature, researchers focused on incorporating these two fibres as an alternative to improve the limitations of the single fibre. This review focused on the interply hybridisation of natural and synthetic fibres into composites. Natural fibres and their classifications are discussed. The physical and mechanical properties of these hybrid composites have also been included. A full discussion of the mechanical properties of natural/synthetic fibre hybrid composites such as tensile, flexural, impact, and perforation resistance, as well as their failure modes, is highlighted. Furthermore, the applications and future directions of hybrid composites have been described in details.

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The Sensitivity Enhancement of Distributed Fiber Optical Sensors

Khodaei

2022

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

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Effect of machining processes on the damage response and surface quality of open hole hybrid carbon/flax composites: An experimental study

Cited by 13 publications

References 40 publications

Role of conventional drilling and abrasive water jet induced damage on the mechanical response of flax/epoxy laminates with holes

Role of conventional drilling and abrasive water jet induced damage on the mechanical response of flax/epoxy laminates with holes

Physical, Mechanical and Perforation Resistance of Natural-Synthetic Fiber Interply Laminate Hybrid Composites

The Sensitivity Enhancement of Distributed Fiber Optical Sensors

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