Effect of luteinizing hormone (LH), pregnancy specific protein B (PSPB), or arachidonic acid (AA) on ovine endometrium of the estrous cycle or placental secretion of prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and F2α (PGF2α) and progesterone in vitro

Weems, Y.S.; Kim, L.; Humphreys, Vikki; Tsuda, V.; Weems, C.W.

doi:10.1016/s0090-6980(03)00004-2

Cited by 44 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The authors concluded that oestrogens regulate chorionic secretion of PSPB, which can influence placental secretion of PGE 2 that affect placental secretion of P 4 during mid-pregnancy in sheep. Moreover, endometrial (END) secretion in vitro of PGE 2 was increased by PSPB treatment (on 60 and 90 dpc), thus the authors concluded that PGE 2 secretion by caruncular/placental tissues after 50 dpc appears to be regulated by PSPB, not LH [129]. In another study, END from day 14 non-pregnant cows treated with the PSPB/PAG proteins increases secretion of 8 kDa uterine protein that was identified to be an alpha chemokine -granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 (GCP-2) by Western blotting [130].…”

Section: Potential Function(s) Of the Pag Familymentioning

confidence: 97%

Biodiversity of multiple Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein (PAG) family: gene cloning and chorionic protein purification in domestic and wild eutherians (Placentalia) – a review

2006

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-This review presents a broad overview of chorionic glycoproteins encoded by the Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein (PAG) gene family and also serves to illustrate how the recent discovery of the PAG family has contributed to our general knowledge of genome evolution, placental transcription and placental protein expression. The complex and large PAG family is restricted to the Artiodactyla order, although single PAG-like genes have also been identified in species outside the Artiodactyla. The PAGs are members of the aspartic proteinase (AP) superfamily. Unexpectedly, however, some members of the PAG family possess amino acid substitutions within and around the active site that likely render them unable to act as proteinases. This paper summarises the available information regarding biodiversity of PAG gene expression based on cDNA cloning, mRNA localisation studies and the structural organisation of the PAG genes with a particular emphasis on PAG promoters. It also compares available data regarding PAG protein purifications, sequencing and their N-glycodiversity. Finally, it discusses the scientific relevance, possible functional roles of the PAGs and describes possible profitable applications related to the detection of PAG proteins in the blood of pregnant domestic and wild species. chorionic glycoproteins / eutherian PAG family / diagnostic PAG markers

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Section: Potential Function(s) Of the Pag Familymentioning

confidence: 97%

Biodiversity of multiple Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein (PAG) family: gene cloning and chorionic protein purification in domestic and wild eutherians (Placentalia) – a review

2006

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“…This observation was made in cultures of both bovine endometrium and ovine caruncular tissue (Del Vecchio et al 1990, Weems et al 2003.…”

Section: Proposed Luteotrophic Actionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another possibility is that the two proposed models for PAG function are actually looking at the same basic phenomenon. The proluteotrophic hypothesis is based on the ability of PAG to increase PGE 2 (Weems et al 2003). It is worth noting that PGE 2 also possesses potent immunosuppressive activity and can inhibit proliferation of T lymphocytes at nanomolar concentrations (Low & Hansen 1988).…”

Section: Proposed Luteotrophic Actionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental PAGs: gene origins, expression patterns, and use as markers of pregnancy

et al. 2015

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Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) are abundantly expressed products of the placenta of species within the Cetartiodactyla order (even-toed ungulates). They are restricted to this order and they are particularly numerous in the Bovidae. The PAGs exhibit a range of temporal and spatial expression patterns by the placental trophoblasts and probably represent a group of related proteins that perform a range of distinct functions in the epitheliochorial and synepitheliochorial placental forms. This review presents an overview of the origins of the PAGs, a summary of PAG expression patterns, and their use as markers of pregnancy status. Speculations about their putative role(s) in pregnancy are also presented.Reproduction (2015) 149 R115-R126

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“…However, other studies reported no increase in progesterone (Del Vecchio et al, 1995a and1995b). PAG-1 may also elevate the production of PGE 2 by cultured endometrium from both cattle and sheep (Del Vecchio et al, 1990;Weems et al, 2003). A working model based on these data visualizes PAG-1/PSPB being up-regulated by placental estrogen; PAG-1 then increases the production of PGE 2 , which is believed to augment the synthesis of progesterone (Weems et al, 1999(Weems et al, , 2001(Weems et al, and 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…This feature of the modern/ BNC PAGs has been exploited as the basis for pregnancy diagnosis in cattle and related ruminants. Not surprisingly, the modern PAGs have received the bulk of attention from animal scientists and have been the subject of several biochemical, molecular and functional studies (Del Vecchio et al, 1996;Xie et al, 1997;Green et al, 2000;Hughes et al, 2003;Klisch and Leiser, 2003;Weems et al, 2003;Wooding et al, 2005;Klisch et al, 2008). However, despite such efforts, the functional role of the PAGs remains a mystery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmunization of ewes against pregnancy-associated glycoproteins does not interfere with the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy

Egen

Ealy²,

Landon³

et al. 2009

Animal

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Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) are a large grouping of placental proteins that belong to the aspartic peptidase gene family. Although useful to detect pregnancy in ruminant species, the function of these molecules is unclear. Several PAGs expressed by trophoblast binucleate cells can enter the maternal circulation, suggesting that they could have a systemic role in altering maternal physiology. The objective of this work was to examine whether these circulating placental antigens were important in pregnancy by actively immunizing ewes against them. PAGs were purified by pepstatin-affinity chromatography and conjugated to the immunogenic protein, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Ewes were immunized with PAG-KLH conjugate (n 5 22) or with KLH alone (n 5 9), and bred to intact rams. Blood samples, collected on Day 0 (day of estrus), Day 10, Days 15 to 25 and weekly throughout pregnancy, were analyzed for PAG by an ELISA. On Day 30, pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasound. Ewes immunized against PAG-KLH produced a range of reactive anti-PAG titers, whereas all immunized ewes had high anti-KLH immunoreactivity. PAGs became detectable in the anti-KLH (control) ewes at Day 21.6 6 2.2 of pregnancy. Those ewes immunized against PAGs (n 5 7), that had very low immunoreactivity toward PAGs, had measurable PAG by Day 22.9 6 1.3, and their PAG serum profiles throughout pregnancy did not differ from the controls. Those exhibiting moderate to high anti-PAG immunoreactivity (n 5 15), had significantly lower PAG concentrations than controls, with antigen not becoming detectable until Day 48.1 6 15.6. The decrease in circulating PAG in the immunized animals did not correlate with changes in pregnancy rates, lamb number or lamb birth weight. These results suggest that while PAGs may play a role in maintaining pregnancy, their major contribution is likely to be at the fetal-maternal interface. Their actions at extra-placental sites are presumably of more secondary importance.

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Effect of luteinizing hormone (LH), pregnancy specific protein B (PSPB), or arachidonic acid (AA) on ovine endometrium of the estrous cycle or placental secretion of prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and F2α (PGF2α) and progesterone in vitro

Cited by 44 publications

References 56 publications

Biodiversity of multiple Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein (PAG) family: gene cloning and chorionic protein purification in domestic and wild eutherians (Placentalia) – a review

Biodiversity of multiple Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein (PAG) family: gene cloning and chorionic protein purification in domestic and wild eutherians (Placentalia) – a review

Placental PAGs: gene origins, expression patterns, and use as markers of pregnancy

Autoimmunization of ewes against pregnancy-associated glycoproteins does not interfere with the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy

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