Biodiversity of multiple Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein (PAG) family: gene cloning and chorionic protein purification in domestic and wild eutherians (Placentalia) – a review

Szafrańska, Bożena; Panasiewicz, Grzegorz; Majewska, Marta

doi:10.1051/rnd:2006034

Cited by 33 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Indeed, majority of the published works on PAGs have focused on the development of a reliable tool for diagnosing pregnancy in ruminant species, including cattle, sheep, goats, bison, moose, and elk , Wood et al 1986, Ruder et al 1988, Green et al 1998, Willard et al 1999, Szafranska et al 2006.…”

Section: Pags As Circulating Markers To Study Placental Function and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental PAGs: gene origins, expression patterns, and use as markers of pregnancy

et al. 2015

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Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) are abundantly expressed products of the placenta of species within the Cetartiodactyla order (even-toed ungulates). They are restricted to this order and they are particularly numerous in the Bovidae. The PAGs exhibit a range of temporal and spatial expression patterns by the placental trophoblasts and probably represent a group of related proteins that perform a range of distinct functions in the epitheliochorial and synepitheliochorial placental forms. This review presents an overview of the origins of the PAGs, a summary of PAG expression patterns, and their use as markers of pregnancy status. Speculations about their putative role(s) in pregnancy are also presented.Reproduction (2015) 149 R115-R126

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Section: Pags As Circulating Markers To Study Placental Function and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental PAGs: gene origins, expression patterns, and use as markers of pregnancy

et al. 2015

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“…In Bos taurus, 21 PAG genes and 20 PAG-like genes have been identified in GENBANK (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/). PAGs are proteins whose molecular weights range from 37 to 90 kDa (Butler et al 1982, Xie et al 1991, Zoli et al 1991, Szafranska et al 2006. They belong to the large family of aspartic proteinases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific expression patterns and cell distribution of ancient and modern PAG in bovine placenta during pregnancy

Touzard¹,

Reinaud²,

Dubois³

et al. 2013

Reproduction

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Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) constitute a multigenic family of aspartic proteinases expressed in the trophoblast of the ruminant placenta. In Bos taurus, this family comprises 21 members segregated into ancient and modern phylogenetic groups. Ancient PAGs have been reported to be synthesized throughout the trophoblastic cell layer whereas modern PAGs are produced by binucleate cells of cotyledons. The aim of this study was to investigate modern and ancient PAGs during gestation in cotyledonary and intercotyledonary tissues. To obtain convincing and innovative results despite the high sequence identity shared between PAGs, we designed specific tools such as amplification primers and antibodies. Using real-time RT-PCR, we described the transcript expression of 16 bovine PAGs. Overall, PAGs are characterized by an increase in their expression during gestation. However, we demonstrated a segregation of modern PAGs in cotyledons and of ancient PAGs in the intercotyledonary chorion, except for the ancient PAG2 expressed in cotyledons. By raising specific antibodies against the modern PAG1 and ancient PAG11 and PAG2, we established the expression kinetics of the proteins using western blotting. Immunohistochemistry showed that PAGs were produced by specific cellular populations: PAG1 by binucleate cells in the whole trophoblastic layer, PAG11 was localized in binucleate cells of the intercotyledonary trophoblast and the chorionic plate of the cotyledon, while PAG2 was produced in mononucleate cells of the internal villi of the cotyledon. These results revealed a highly specific regulation of PAG expression and cell localization as a function of their phylogenetic status, suggesting distinct biological functions within placental tissues.

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“…In cattle, circulating concentrations of PAGs have been shown to be infl uenced by a number of factors including breed, weight, parity, fetal sex, fetal number, fetal birth weight, and sire of the fetus, along with pregnancy stage and status (Patel et al 1997 ;Lobago et al 2009 ). Overall, PAGs have been shown to be an accurate tool for pregnancy diagnosis in cattle, sheep, goats, buffalo, and elk (Sasser et al 1986 ;Sousa et al 2006 ;Szafranska et al 2006 ;Silva et al 2007 ;Pohler et al 2013 ), and several assay platforms are commercially available for both blood and milk (Leblanc 2013 ).…”

Section: Detection Of Placental Products To Monitor the Presence Of Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Embryo Presence and Viability

Pohler

Green

Geary

et al. 2015

Regulation of Implantation and Establishment of Pregnancy in Mammals

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Pregnancy establishment, followed by birth of live offspring, is essential to all mammals. The biological processes leading up to pregnancy establishment, maintenance, and birth are complex and dependent on the coordinated timing of a series of events at the molecular, cellular, and physiological level. The ability to ovulate a competent oocyte, which is capable of undergoing fertilization, is only the initial step in achieving a successful pregnancy. Once fertilization has occurred and early embryonic development is initiated, early pregnancy detection is critical to provide proper prenatal care (humans) or appropriate management (domestic livestock). However, the simple presence of an embryo, early in gestation, does not guarantee the birth of a live offspring. Pregnancy loss (embryonic mortality, spontaneous abortions, etc.) has been well documented in all mammals, especially in humans and domestic livestock species, and is a major cause of reproductive loss. It has been estimated that only about 25-30% of all fertilized oocytes in humans result in birth of a live offspring; however, identifying the embryos that will not survive to parturition has not been an easy task. Therefore, investigators have focused the identification of products in maternal circulation that permit the detection of an embryo and assessment of its well-being. This review will focus on the advances in predicting embryonic presence and viability, in vivo.

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Biodiversity of multiple Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein (PAG) family: gene cloning and chorionic protein purification in domestic and wild eutherians (Placentalia) – a review

Cited by 33 publications

References 86 publications

Placental PAGs: gene origins, expression patterns, and use as markers of pregnancy

Placental PAGs: gene origins, expression patterns, and use as markers of pregnancy

Specific expression patterns and cell distribution of ancient and modern PAG in bovine placenta during pregnancy

Predicting Embryo Presence and Viability

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