Effect of Lubricant Oil on Particle Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Light-Duty Vehicle

Premnath, Vinay; Khalek, Imad A.; Morgan, Peter; Michlberger, Alexander; Sutton, Mike; Vincent, Paul

doi:10.4271/2018-01-1708

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 32 publications

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“…Thus, there should be an ‘optimum’ liner working temperature for given engines to minimize the overall cyclic nature of frictional losses due to both viscous and boundary contributions. The liner temperature and subsequent implications on the engine friction are also closely related to the choice of lubricating oil grade and its additive package, which can affect, for instance, PM emissions from the engines [24]. The wear of piston rings is of great importance in the engine tribology and overall performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the influence of axial cylinder distortions on lubricant film and friction force of top piston ring conjunction near to TDC

Nikolakopoulos

Antonakakis

Zavos

2022

Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces

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The purpose of this paper was to understand how axial cylinder distortions influence the tribological performance of piston ring. The current model contains the effects of axial distortions and ring conformability under mixed to hydrodynamic regimes of lubrication through computational fluid dynamics predictions. The axial cylinder profiles were modelled using series of sinusoidal waves. The effect of axial distortions on ring wear rate was determined using the Archard's model. The ring friction and minimum lubricant film were predicted for low and high combustion pressures near to top dead centre. The study shows that, when the maximum combustion pressure rises, the different wear identities affect the operation of the ring friction much more limited, while the number of sine waves are more pronounced. Finally, it is proved that, even the increase of oil film thickness, it does not presuppose the reduction of friction when it comes to shaping the surface of the cylinder liner.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the influence of axial cylinder distortions on lubricant film and friction force of top piston ring conjunction near to TDC

Nikolakopoulos

Antonakakis

Zavos

2022

Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces

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Sub-23 particle control strategies towards Euro VII HD SI natural gas engines

Guido¹,

Maio²,

Napolitano³

et al. 2022

Transportation Engineering

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Particle Number and Size Distributions (PNSD) from a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) over Laboratory and Real Driving Emission Tests

Thomas

Wang

et al. 2022

Atmosphere

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Particle number (PN) emissions from hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) during engine ignition and re-ignition events are an important but scarcely reported area. The objectives of the present work are to study the effects of drive cycle properties on the engine behaviour of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and to investigate how this impacts the tailpipe PN emissions and their size distributions (PNSD). Worldwide harmonised light vehicles test cycle (WLTC) testing was conducted, as well as chassis dynamometer emission measurements over a realistic real driving emissions (RDE) speed pattern, using a Euro 5 Toyota Prius HEV with a Cambustion DMS500 sampling PN concentrations at the tailpipe. It is shown that the number of vehicle stops during a test cycle has a direct impact on the re-ignition activity for the HEV. 64 ± 3% of the total PN from WLTC testing was produced during engine re-ignition events while only 6 ± 1% was from stabilised engine operation. Similar proportions were observed for the RDE-style test cycle. The majority of engine reignition and destabilised activity, and hence PN emission, was during the low-speed sections of the drive cycles used. The average PNSD across cycle phases was different between cycles, due to the influence of dynamic properties on engine behaviour and hence the PN emission profile. The PNSD at the engine re-ignition and destabilised events had a merged wide peak with a maximum at 60 nm diameter and a shoulder at 12 nm diameter. The HEV had increased emissions of particles smaller than 23 nm under cold start, but similar overall PN emission values, compared to a warm start. The results of this work highlight the importance of controlling HEV PN emissions to limit human exposure to PN in urban environments where the majority of PN emissions occur. The sensitivity of HEV PN emission factors and PNSD to engine behaviour and, in turn, test cycle dynamic properties, is important to note when considering legislative test cycles, particularly with reference to the freedoms afforded by the RDE test cycle. The results also indicate that substantial improvements to air quality could be made by reducing the particle measurement protocol PN cut-off size to 10 nm.

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Effect of Lubricant Oil on Particle Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Light-Duty Vehicle

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

On the influence of axial cylinder distortions on lubricant film and friction force of top piston ring conjunction near to TDC

On the influence of axial cylinder distortions on lubricant film and friction force of top piston ring conjunction near to TDC

Sub-23 particle control strategies towards Euro VII HD SI natural gas engines

Particle Number and Size Distributions (PNSD) from a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) over Laboratory and Real Driving Emission Tests

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