Effect of low-level flow and Andes mountain on the tropical and mid-latitude precipitating cloud systems: GPM observations

Kumar, Shailendra; Moya-Álvarez, Aldo S.; Castillo-Velarde, Carlos Del; Martinez‐Castro, Daniel; Silva, Yamina

doi:10.1007/s00704-020-03155-x

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Topographical influences on the distribution of precipitation are also well known over tropical/subtropical regions (Chavez and Takahashi 2017;Ashfaq 2020). Over South America, the Andes play an important role in maintaining the South American Low-Level Jet (SALLJ) on their east, which is an important mechanism for transporting warm and moist air from the tropics to the subtropics (Vera et al 2006;Doss-Gollin et al 2018;Montini et al 2019;Kumar et al 2020;Chavez et al 2020).…”

Section: Reference Period (1994-2015) Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of CMIP6 Performance and Projected Temperature and Precipitation Changes Over South America

et al. 2021

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We evaluate the performance of a large ensemble of Global Climate Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) over South America for a recent past reference period and examine their projections of twenty-first century precipitation and temperature changes. The future changes are computed for two time slices (2040–2059 and 2080–2099) relative to the reference period (1995–2014) under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs, SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, SSP3–7.0 and SSP5–8.5). The CMIP6 GCMs successfully capture the main climate characteristics across South America. However, they exhibit varying skill in the spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation and temperature at the sub-regional scale, particularly over high latitudes and altitudes. Future precipitation exhibits a decrease over the east of the northern Andes in tropical South America and the southern Andes in Chile and Amazonia, and an increase over southeastern South America and the northern Andes—a result generally consistent with earlier CMIP (3 and 5) projections. However, most of these changes remain within the range of variability of the reference period. In contrast, temperature increases are robust in terms of magnitude even under the SSP1–2.6. Future changes mostly progress monotonically from the weakest to the strongest forcing scenario, and from the mid-century to late-century projection period. There is an increase in the seasonality of the intra-annual precipitation distribution, as the wetter part of the year contributes relatively more to the annual total. Furthermore, an increasingly heavy-tailed precipitation distribution and a rightward shifted temperature distribution provide strong indications of a more intense hydrological cycle as greenhouse gas emissions increase. The relative distance of an individual GCM from the ensemble mean does not substantially vary across different scenarios. We found no clear systematic linkage between model spread about the mean in the reference period and the magnitude of simulated sub-regional climate change in the future period. Overall, these results could be useful for regional climate change impact assessments across South America.

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Section: Reference Period (1994-2015) Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of CMIP6 Performance and Projected Temperature and Precipitation Changes Over South America

et al. 2021

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“…Extreme rainfall occurs generally at locations that favor strong air uplift, as Churuyacu (500 m.a.s.l; 5,500 mm/ yr) in Colombia, close to a steep slope, and Reventador (1,470 m.a.s.l; 6,200 mm/yr), a remote volcano in the Andean-Amazon transition region in Ecuador. Over the Ecuadorian and northern Peruvian Amazon-Andes region, the convergence of nocturnal drainage down the eastern slope of the Andes, interacting with the warm moist air from the Amazon basin, triggers mesoscale convective systems (MCS; Bendix et al, 2009;Trachte et al, 2010a;Trachte et al, 2010b;Trachte and Bendix, 2012;Kumar et al, 2020a). In addition, the occurrence of katabatic flows during nighttime interacting with the concave terrain in the south tropical Andes of Ecuador cause the development of surface cold fronts, initiating the ascent of air masses to its lifting condensation level and the formation of cloud clusters (Bendix et al, 2009;Trachte et al, 2010a;Trachte et al, 2010b;Trachte and Bendix, 2012).…”

Section: Orographic Effects On Convective Precipitation Systems In Th...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroclimate of the Andes Part II: Hydroclimate Variability and Sub-Continental Patterns

et al. 2021

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This paper provides an updated review of the most relevant scientific literature related to the hydroclimate of the Andes. The Andes, the longest cordillera in the world, faces major challenges regarding climate variability and climate change, which impose several threats to sustainable development, including water supply and the sustainability of ecosystem services. This review focuses on hydroclimate variability of the Andes at a sub-continental scale. The annual water cycle and long-term water balance along the Andes are addressed first, followed by the examination of the effects of orography on convective and frontal precipitation through the study of precipitation gradients in the tropical, subtropical and extratropical Andes. In addition, a review is presented of the current scientific literature on the climate variability in the Andes at different timescales. Finally, open research questions are presented in the last section of this article.

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“…The diurnal cycle of insolation generates thermally driven winds, such as anabatic (warm upslope) and katabatic (cold downslope) winds due to radiative warming of the surface during the day and radiative cooling during the late afternoon and night, respectively (e.g.,Wallace and Hobbs 2006;Junquas et al 2018). In addition, katabatic winds from the Andean highlands could trigger mesoscale convective systems (MCS) over the Andean-Amazon transition region(Trachte et al 2010a,b;Kumar et al 2020). Over this region, large and medium MCS are generally related to wet episodes, enhanced by the orographic lifting of moisture advection from the SALLJ (e.g.,Giovannettone and Barros 2009;Romatschke and Houze 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

Chapter 4: Amazonian ecosystems and their ecological functions

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et al. 2021

Amazon Assessment Report 2021

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This chapter describes the diversity of plants and ecosystems in the lowland Amazon and discusses how complex regional gradients in climate and soil conditions drive regional variability in species composition, vegetation dynamics, carbon stocks, and productivity. The Amazon river network and its role in connecting aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems through organisms and nutrient exchanges is also emphasized.

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Effect of low-level flow and Andes mountain on the tropical and mid-latitude precipitating cloud systems: GPM observations

Cited by 11 publications

References 92 publications

Assessment of CMIP6 Performance and Projected Temperature and Precipitation Changes Over South America

Assessment of CMIP6 Performance and Projected Temperature and Precipitation Changes Over South America

Hydroclimate of the Andes Part II: Hydroclimate Variability and Sub-Continental Patterns

Chapter 4: Amazonian ecosystems and their ecological functions

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