Effect of low doses of Aspergillus niger phytase on growth performance, bone strength, and nutrient absorption and excretion by growing and finishing swine fed corn-soybean meal diets deficient in available phosphorus and calcium1

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of low doses of Aspergillus niger (AN) phytase for growing and finishing pigs fed corn-soybean meal (SBM) diets with narrow Ca:P ratios that were about 0.9 g/kg deficient in available P and Ca. Experiment 1 utilized 120 pigs with an early finisher period from 51.5 +/- 0.2 to 89.7 +/- 0.9 kg of BW and a late finisher period that ended at 122.5 +/- 2.0 kg of BW. During each period, treatments were the low-P diets with 0, 150, 300, or 450 units (U) of AN phytase added/kg of diet, and a positive control (PC) diet. There were linear increases (P < or = 0.001) in bone strength and ash weight, the absorption of P (g/d and %) and Ca (%), and overall ADG (P = 0.01) with increasing concentration of AN phytase. Pigs fed the diets with 150, 300, or 450 U of AN phytase/kg did not differ from pigs fed the PC diet in growth performance overall, and pigs fed the diets with 300 or 450 U of AN phytase did not differ in P and Ca absorption (g/d) or bone ash weight from pigs fed the PC diet. However, only pigs fed the diet with 450 U of AN phytase/kg had bone strength similar to that of pigs fed the PC diet. Experiment 2 utilized 120 pigs in a grower phase from 25.3 +/- 0.1 to 57.8 +/- 0.8 kg of BW and a finisher phase that ended at 107.6 +/- 1.0 kg of BW. Treatments were the low-P diet with AN phytase added at 300, 500, or 700 U/kg of grower diet, and 150, 250, or 350 U/kg of finisher diet, respectively, resulting in treatments AN300/150, AN500/250, and AN700/350. Growth performance and the absorption (g/d) of P and Ca for the grower and finisher phases were not different for pigs fed the diets containing AN phytase and pigs fed the PC diets. However, pigs fed the PC diets excreted more fecal P (g/d, P < or = 0.01) during the grower and more P and Ca (g/d, P < 0.001) during the finisher phases than the pigs fed the diets with phytase. There were linear increases (P < or = 0.05) in bone strength and bone ash weight with increasing concentration of AN phytase. However, pigs fed the PC diets had a greater bone strength and bone ash weight than pigs fed diets AN300/150, AN500/250 (P < or = 0.02), or AN700/350 (P < or = 0.08). There were no treatment responses for N or DM digestibility in either experiment. Phytase supplementation reduced fecal P excretion from 16 to 38% and fecal Ca excretion from 21 to 42% in these experiments. In conclusion, 450 U of AN phytase/kg was effective in replacing 0.9 g of the inorganic P/kg of corn-SBM diet for finishing swine based on bone strength, whereas 300 or 150 U of AN phytase/kg of diet maintained growth performance of grower or finisher pigs, respectively.

Influence of benzoic acid and phytase in low-phosphorus diets on bone characteristics in growing-finishing pigs1

“…As it has been described in several studies for pigs and poultry (Harper et al, 1997;Liesegang et al, 2005;Payne et al, 2005;Sacakli et al, 2006;Veum and Ellersieck, 2008), this experiment demonstrated that bone composition and bone stability was positively influenced when Phy was added to low-P diets. These effects could be observed in gilts with 66 kg BW as well as in those with 108 kg BW.…”

“…As 75% of P in the body is stored in bones (Poulsen, 2000), low P availability can cause skeletal problems (Nicodemo et al, 1998;Gutzwiller et al, 2007b). When microbial phytases (Phy) are added to low-P diets, P availability and thus bone stability are increased (Radcliffe et al, 1998;Liesegang et al, 2005;Veum and Ellersieck, 2008).…”

Meta-análise da digestibilidade ileal de aminoácidos e minerais em suínos alimentados com dietas contendo enzimas

“…Cerca de 75% do fósforo presente nos grãos de cereais está indisponível, em razão das ligações com moléculas de fitato. A fitase destaca-se pela efetividade na liberação do fósforo fítico das dietas (Traylor et al, 2001;Veum & Ellersieck, 2008). Os grupos fosfato do fitato também se associam a moléculas proteicas, por meio de ligações terminais de resíduos de aspartato e glutamato, e com a participação de outros minerais (Maenz, 2001).…”

Energy use in pig production: An examination of current Iowa systems1

“…Both studies examined the efficacy of exogenous phytase by comparing P retention in pigs fed graded amounts of exogenous phytase in diets formulated to be low in available P (Veum et al, 2006;Veum and Ellersieck, 2008). Both studies included a positive control diet that was adequate in available P by inclusion of inorganic P sources (Veum et al, 2006;Veum and Ellersieck, 2008). The intake and excretion of P fed in the negative and positive control diets in previous studies (Veum et al, 2006;Veum and Ellersieck, 2008) were the basis for the following equation used to predict P excretion by pigs in our assessment: P excretion by pigs:…”

“…Phosphorus excretion was estimated based on the results of 2 studies examining phytase in nursery (Veum and Ellersieck, 2008) and finishing (Veum et al, 2006) pigs. Both studies examined the efficacy of exogenous phytase by comparing P retention in pigs fed graded amounts of exogenous phytase in diets formulated to be low in available P (Veum et al, 2006;Veum and Ellersieck, 2008). Both studies included a positive control diet that was adequate in available P by inclusion of inorganic P sources (Veum et al, 2006;Veum and Ellersieck, 2008).…”