Effect of Low-Dose Oral Contraceptives on Metabolic Risk Factors in African-American Women

Frempong, Barbara A.; Ricks, Madia; Sen, Sabyasachi; Sumner, Anne E.

doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2599

Cited by 37 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…17, 18 Hormonal contraceptives have, for many women, unintended metabolic effects, including elevated levels of very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total triglycerides. 15, 19–21 Hormonal contraceptives increase plasma insulin and cortisol, 21 and induce a state of insulin resistance. 15, 19, 20 Some of these metabolic changes, including increased total cholesterol 22 and insulin resistance, 23 are similar to those in women who are overweight or obese..…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal hormonal contraceptive use and offspring overweight or obesity

et al. 2014

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Objective Experiments in animal models have shown a positive association between in utero exposure to pharmacologic sex hormones and offspring obesity. The developmental effects of such hormones on human obesity are unknown. Methods Using data from a large, prospective pregnancy cohort study (n=19,652), with linkage to a national prescription registry, we evaluated the association between use of hormonal contraceptives before and after conception (defined from dispensed prescription data and characterized by last date of use relative to conception, 12 – >4 months before (n=3,392), 4 – >1 months before (n=2,541), 1 – > 0 months before (n=2,997), and 0–12 weeks after (n=567)) in relation to offspring overweight or obesity at age 3 years. Results We observed a weak, inverse association between early pregnancy use of a combination oral contraceptive and offspring overweight or obesity at age 3 (adjusted OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.53, 1.08) and a positive, but imprecise, association with use of a progestin-only oral contraceptive in early pregnancy (adjusted OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 0.79, 2.02). In general, no association was observed between use of a hormonal contraceptive before conception and offspring overweight or obesity. A sensitivity analysis comparing combination oral contraceptive users in early pregnancy to other unplanned pregnancies without hormonal contraceptive use further strengthened the inverse association (adjusted OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.48, 1.02). Other sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the associations observed given varying assumptions. Conclusion Pharmacologic sex hormones in early pregnancy may be inversely or positively associated with offspring overweight or obesity at age 3, depending on the specific formulation used. The present study provides support for the potential for environmental sources of hormonally active agents to exert developmental effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal hormonal contraceptive use and offspring overweight or obesity

et al. 2014

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“…All of these drugs can alter the lipid profile (21)(22)(23), representing an additional confounding factor to be considered in the data analysis performed by Pretta et al Thus, our study was the first to compare women with endometriosis without taking hormonal treatment for at least 3 months to control women, guaranteeing more reliable lipid profile findings.…”

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confidence: 98%

Unfavorable lipid profile in women with endometriosis

Melo

Silva

Rosa‐e‐Silva

et al. 2010

Fertility and Sterility

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“…In previous studies with nondiabetic women, it has been advocated that in OCPs use, being nonobese provided a higher resistance to insulin resistance in comparison to being obese [29]. In a similar study, it was advocated that ADMA: asymmetrical dimethylarginine, CRP: C-reactive protein, HOMA-IR: homeostasis model of insulin resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory-metabolic parameters in obese and nonobese normoandrogenemic polycystic ovary syndrome during metformin and oral contraceptive treatment

Kılıç

Yılmaz

Zülfikaroğlu

et al. 2010

Gynecological Endocrinology

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Our aim was to evaluate the optimal treatment strategy addressing cardiovascular risk in obese and nonobese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We planned a prospectıve randomized clinical study. Normoandrogenemic and oligoamenorrheic women with PCOS and impaired glucose tolerance (n = 96) were enrolled in the study. Six months of treatment with metformin HCL or oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) were given to the patients. Group 1 were obese and receiving metformin. Group 2 were obese and receiving OCPs. Group 3 were nonobese and receiving metformin, and Group 4 were nonobese receiving OCPs. ADMA, homocysteine, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and homeostasis model assessment estimate of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were investigated. ADMA, homocysteine, hs-CRP and HOMA-IR were similar in obese and nonobese groups before the treatment. After 6 months of treatment, a significant decrease was observed in ADMA, homocysteine and HOMA-IR levels in Groups 1 and 3. An increase in ADMA and hs-CRP levels was observed in Groups 2 and 4. In this study, metformin treatment leads to improvement in hormonal and metabolic parameters and decreases ADMA and homocysteine levels possibly independent of BMI. However, the use of oral contraceptives in obese and nonobese patients with PCOS with impaired glucose tolerance increases ADMA and hs-CRP levels and creates an increase in the metabolic risk.

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Effect of Low-Dose Oral Contraceptives on Metabolic Risk Factors in African-American Women

Abstract: In African-American women, OCP use is associated with an increase in markers of cardiovascular risk manifested by increased insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and elevated TGs.

Cited by 37 publications

References 28 publications

Maternal hormonal contraceptive use and offspring overweight or obesity

Maternal hormonal contraceptive use and offspring overweight or obesity

Unfavorable lipid profile in women with endometriosis

Inflammatory-metabolic parameters in obese and nonobese normoandrogenemic polycystic ovary syndrome during metformin and oral contraceptive treatment

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