Effect of Low-Carbohydrate High-Protein Diets on Acid-Base Balance, Stone-Forming Propensity, and Calcium Metabolism

Reddy, Shalini; Wang, Chia-Ying; Sakhaee, Khashayar; Brinkley, Linda; Pak, Charles Y.C.

doi:10.1097/00006254-200302000-00017

Cited by 63 publications

(77 citation statements)

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“…Studies suggest that the elderly benefit from increased protein intake as evidenced by higher BMD and lower bone resorption marker levels (Ginty 2003;DawsonHughes et al 2004;Devine et al 2005). Others argue that increasing protein intake, especially in the form of the acid forming amino acids, might raise bone turnover and decrease bone mass Reddy et al 2002). Based on this, Zwart et al (2004) examined the relationship between potassium intake and animal protein in a bed rest study in twins.…”

Section: Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

From space to Earth: advances in human physiology from 20 years of bed rest studies (1986–2006)

Traon¹,

et al. 2007

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Bed rest studies of the past 20 years are reviewed. Head-down bed rest (HDBR) has proved its usefulness as a reliable simulation model for the most physiological effects of spaceflight. As well as continuing to search for better understanding of the physiological changes induced, these studies focused mostly on identifying effective countermeasures with encouraging but limited success. HDBR is characterised by immobilization, inactivity, confinement and elimination of Gz gravitational stimuli, such as posture change and direction, which affect body sensors and responses. These induce upward fluid shift, unloading the body's upright weight, absence of work against gravity, reduced energy requirements and reduction in overall sensory stimulation. The upward fluid shift by acting on central volume receptors induces a 10-15% reduction in plasma volume which leads to a now well-documented set of cardiovascular changes including changes in cardiac performance and baroreflex sensitivity that are identical to those in space. Calcium excretion is increased from the beginning of bed rest leading to a sustained negative calcium balance. Calcium absorption is reduced. Body weight, muscle mass, muscle strength is reduced, as is the resistance of muscle to insulin. Bone density, stiffness of bones of the lower limbs and spinal cord and bone architecture are altered. Circadian rhythms may shift and are dampened. Ways to improve the process of evaluating countermeasures--exercise (aerobic, resistive, vibration), nutritional and pharmacological--are proposed. Artificial gravity requires systematic evaluation. This review points to clinical applications of BR research revealing the crucial role of gravity to health.

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Section: Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

From space to Earth: advances in human physiology from 20 years of bed rest studies (1986–2006)

Traon¹,

et al. 2007

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“…This last mechanism, renal calcium wasting, occurs in several Table 3) [12]. Environmental factors, such as ingestion of highsodium or ketogenic diets, also promote calcium excretion [13,14]. Finally, any hypercalcemic condition may cause hypercalciuria by increasing the calcium filtered load as well as directly inhibiting renal calcium absorption [15].…”

Section: Calcium Stonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both processes are stimulated by intracellular acidosis of the proximal tubule, caused by systemic metabolic acidosis, potassium depletion, or a ketogenic diet [13]. Infectious causes must also be considered, as certain bacteria metabolize citrate [19].…”

Section: Calcium Stonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nephrolithiasis in children

2005

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A metabolic etiology is the most common cause for pediatric kidney stones. Appropriate evaluation of affected children should include assessment of stone type, if available, and assessment of predisposing factors in all cases. This review discusses the metabolic disorders that lead to nephrolithiasis with respect to the development of calcium, uric acid, struvite, and cystine stones. Environmental and hereditary factors are summarized to provide a guide in the evaluation of pediatric stone formers.

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“…Adverse effects that may occur, but have not yet been observed in monitored clinical trials, include kidney stones, electrolyte deficiencies (hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia) if a large water loss occurs, elevated fatty acids, and gout (if too much protein is consumed) [10,64,65]. One case report describes an individual who ate cheese, meat, and eggs (no vegetables) and then developed thiamine-deficient optic neuropathy [66].…”

Section: Potential Adverse Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets

Westman

Mavropoulos

Yancy

et al. 2003

Curr Atheroscler Rep

112

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In response to the emerging epidemic of obesity in the United States, a renewal of interest in alternative diets has occurred, especially in diets that limit carbohydrate intake. Recent research has demonstrated that low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets can lead to weight loss and favorable changes in serum triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. This review summarizes the physiology and recent clinical studies regarding this type of diet.

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Effect of Low-Carbohydrate High-Protein Diets on Acid-Base Balance, Stone-Forming Propensity, and Calcium Metabolism

Cited by 63 publications

References 0 publications

From space to Earth: advances in human physiology from 20 years of bed rest studies (1986–2006)

From space to Earth: advances in human physiology from 20 years of bed rest studies (1986–2006)

Nephrolithiasis in children

A review of low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets

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