Effect of Long-Term High Temperature Oxidation on the Coking Behavior of Ni-Cr Superalloys

Sarris, Stamatis A.; Patil, Manjunath; Verbeken, Kim; Reyniers, Marie-Françoise

doi:10.3390/ma11101899

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The experimental unit is described in detail in previous work [7,30,31]. In the feed section, the hydrocarbon feedstock and water (or H 2 O with DMDS) are fed, evaporated, mixed and preheated before the mixture is sent to the reactor section.…”

Section: Electrobalance Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To restrain this financial loss, numerous "anti-coking" technologies have been introduced and suggested in the industrial arena of steam cracking, frequently categorized in various groups: three-dimensional (3D) reactor technologies [9][10][11][12][13][14][15], feed additives [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] and surface technologies [25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Surface technologies [18], and in particular coatings, have been claimed to completely solve the coking problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alumina-based Coating for Coke Reduction in Steam Crackers

et al. 2020

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Alumina-based coatings have been claimed as being an advantageous modification in industrial ethylene furnaces. In this work, on-line experimentally measured coking rates of a commercial coating (CoatAlloy™) have pointed out its superiority compared to an uncoated reference material in an electrobalance set-up. Additionally, the effects of presulfiding with 500 ppmw DMDS per H2O, continuous addition of 41 ppmw S per HC of DMDS, and a combination thereof were evaluated during ethane steam cracking under industrially relevant conditions (Tgasphase = 1173 K, Ptot = 0.1 MPa, XC2H6 = 70%, dilution δ = 0.33 kgH2O/kgHC). The examined samples were further evaluated using online thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy and energy diffractive X-ray for surface and cross-section analysis together with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for surface analysis. The passivating coating illustrated a better performance than the reference Ni-Cr Fe-base alloy after application of an improved pretreatment, followed by piddling changes on the product distribution. Presulfiding of the coating affected negatively the observed coking rates in comparison with the reference alloy, so alternative presulfiding and sulfur addition strategies are recommended when using this barrier coating.

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Section: Electrobalance Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alumina-based Coating for Coke Reduction in Steam Crackers

et al. 2020

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“…The jet stirred reactor (JSR) setup has been developed and used extensively for many reactor material studies [22,23,36,37]. Thus, a concise explanation is provided and shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The carbon deposition process during thermal cracking in the presence or absence of steam, is quite a complex phenomenon. It has been extensively described in the literature [37,38,39,40,41] that it mainly consists of three mechanisms: catalytic coke formation, coke growth from existing carbon layers onwards (pyrolytic), and gas phase coking, as illustrated in Figure S4.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Ti–Base Alloy as Steam Cracking Reactor Material

2019

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Low-coking reactor material technologies are key for improving the performance and sustainability of steam crackers. In an attempt to appraise the coking performance of an alternative Ti–base alloy during ethane steam cracking, an experimental study was performed in a jet stirred reactor under industrially relevant conditions using thermogravimetry (Tgasphase = 1173 K, Ptot = 0.1 MPa, XC2H6 = 70%, and dilution δ = 0.33 kgH2O/kgHC). Initially, a typical pretreatment used for Fe–Ni–Cr alloys was utilized and compared with a pretreatment at increased temperature, aiming at better surface oxidation and thus suppressing coke formation. The results revealed a decrease in coking rates upon high temperature pretreatment of the Ti–base alloy, however, its coking performance was significantly worse compared to the typically used Fe–Ni–Cr alloys, and carbon oxides formation increased by a factor of 30 or more. Moreover, the analyzed coupons showed crack propagation after coking/decoking and cooling down to ambient temperature. Scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated that the prompt and unsystematic oxidation of the surface and bulk caused observable crack initiation and propagation due to alloy brittleness. Hence, the tested Ti–base alloy cannot be considered an industrially noteworthy steam cracking reactor alloy.

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“…The data analysis methodology presented here is extensible to any reactor system. At present, QUANTIS has already been used for processing the results of a jet-stirred reactor setup, [35][36][37][38][39] for an ethane steam cracking experiment, which includes an RGA and a 1D-GC. The analyzed experiments elaborated in this work should be regarded as a proof-of-concept for the analysis methodology.…”

Section: Preprocessing Of Raw Analytical Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

QUANTIS: Data quality assessment tool by clustering analysis

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Aravindakshan

Vermeire

et al. 2019

Int J of Chemical Kinetics

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Automatically generated kinetic networks are ideally validated against a large set of accurate, reproducible, and easy‐to‐model experimental data. However, although this might seem simple, it proves to be quite challenging. QUANTIS, a publicly available Python package, is specifically developed to evaluate both the precision and accuracy of experimental data and to ensure a uniform, quick processing, and storage strategy that enables automated comparison of developed kinetic models. The precision is investigated with two clustering techniques, PCA and t‐SNE, whereas the accuracy is probed with checks for the conservation laws. First, the developed tool processes, evaluates, and stores experimental yield data automatically. All data belonging to a given experiment, both unprocessed and processed, are stored in the form of an HDF5 container. The demonstration of QUANTIS on three different pyrolysis cases showed that it can help in identifying and overcoming instabilities in experimental datasets, reduce mass and molar balance closure discrepancies, and, by evaluating the visualized correlation matrices, increase understanding in the underlying reaction pathways. Inclusion of all experimental data in the HDF5 file makes it possible to automate simulating the experiment with CHEMKIN. Because of the employed InChI string identifiers for molecules, it is possible to automate the comparison experiment/simulation. QUANTIS and the concepts demonstrated therein is a potentially useful tool for data quality assessment, kinetic model validation, and refinement.

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Effect of Long-Term High Temperature Oxidation on the Coking Behavior of Ni-Cr Superalloys

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Alumina-based Coating for Coke Reduction in Steam Crackers

Alumina-based Coating for Coke Reduction in Steam Crackers

Evaluation of a Ti–Base Alloy as Steam Cracking Reactor Material

QUANTIS: Data quality assessment tool by clustering analysis

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