Effect of Long-Term Fertilization on Ammonia-Oxidizing Microorganisms and Nitrification in Brown Soil of Northeast China

Abstract

The objective of this study was to find out changes in ammonia oxidation microorganisms with respect to fertilizer as investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and high-throughput sequencing. The treatments included control (CK); chemical fertilizer nitrogen low (N) and high (N2); nitrogen and phosphorus (NP); nitrogen phosphorus and potassium (NPK) and organic manure fertilizer (M); MN; MN2; MNPK. The results showed that long-term fertilization influenced soil fertility and affected the abundance and community of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms by changing the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The abundance and community structure of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was influenced by soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total soil phosphorus, available phosphorus, available potassium, and soil nitrate. Soil environmental factors affected the nitrification potential by affecting the structure of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms; specific and rare AOA and AOB rather than the whole AOA or AOB community played dominant role in nitrification.

A small RNA regulates pprM, a modulator of pleiotropic proteins promoting DNA repair, in Deinococcus radiodurans under ionizing radiation

“…Whereas other sRNAs (Dsr11, Dsr18, Dsr39, Qpr6, and OsiA) in D. radiodurans have been characterized as important regulators under other stresses (i.e. H 2 O 2 and heat stress) 39 , 40 , 54 – 56 , PprS has been the only sRNA identified to impact survival and growth uniquely post-IR exposure. These results suggest that PprS is unique among known sRNAs in D. radiodurans in its contribution to IR recovery.…”

“…To delete sRNA coding regions from the genomes of D. radiodurans , we used a suicide plasmid to introduce the desired interruption by homologous recombination as previously reported 56 . Briefly, the upstream and downstream homologous regions of the sRNA to be deleted were cloned into pUC19mPheS plasmid which contains kanamycin resistance, lox66 and lox71 sequences.…”

Global gross nitrification rates are dominantly driven by soil carbon‐to‐nitrogen stoichiometry and total nitrogen

“…Our global synthesis confirmed this point of view as soil total N drives GHN and is also an important factor controlling GAN. Soils with a higher total N content usually have a higher MB (Elrys et al, 2021) and higher AOB and AOA abundances (Cai et al, 2020), stimulating GN rates. Soil total N increased GN probably by directly providing NH 4 + substrate for soil microbes (Cai et al, 2020).…”

Fertilization and Soil Microbial Community: A Review

“…In several studies, mineral fertilization has been found to reduce microbial diversity, including the plant-beneficial microbial taxa [76]. Meta-analysis of microbial communities, based on 107 datasets from 64 long-term trials from around the world, concluded that mineral fertilizer application (in particular N fertilizer treatment) leads to a 15.1% increase in microbial biomass compared to unfertilized control plots; moreover, N application (urea and ammonia fertilizers) can have a temporary or stable effect in increasing pH [77][78][79]. However, the use of a chemical fertilizer alone does not lead to a remarkable increase in soil microbial abundance.…”

“…In this study, the AOA structure was more negatively affected. The long-term application of chemical NPK or N fertilizer has been found to significantly affect soil microbial communities throughout the soil profile and increase the relative abundance of AOA in surface soil (0-40 cm) only in the presence of additional organic fertilization (recycled crop residues or manure) [79,138]. This implies that the important ecological function of soil nitrification can be promoted only with simultaneous chemical and organic fertilization.…”