Effect of livestock manures on the fitness of house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)

Abstract

The house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) is one of the major pests of confined and pastured livestock worldwide. Livestock manures play an important role in the development and spread of M. domestica. In the present study, we investigated the impact of different livestock manures on the fitness and relative growth rate of M. domestica and intrinsic rate of natural increase. We tested the hypotheses by studying life history parameters including developmental time from egg to adult's eclosion, fecundity, longevity, and survival on manures of buffalo, cow, nursing calf, dog, horse, poultry, sheep, and goat, which revealed significant differences that might be associated with fitness costs. The maggots reared on poultry manure developed faster compared to any other host manure. The total developmental time was the shortest on poultry manure and the longest on horse manure. The fecundity by females reared on poultry, nursing calf, and dog manures was greater than on any other host manures. Similarly, percent survival of immature stages, pupal weight, eggs viability, adults' eclosion, survival and longevity, intrinsic rate of natural increase, and biotic potential were significantly higher on poultry, nursing calf, and dog manures compared to any other livestock manures tested. However, the sex ratio of adult flies remained the same on all types of manures. The low survival on horse, buffalo, cow, sheep, and goat manures suggest unsuitability of these manures, while the higher pupal weight on poultry, nursing calf, and dog manures suggest that these may provide better food quality to M. domestica compared with any other host manures. Our results point to the role of livestock manures in increasing local M. domestica populations. Such results could help to design cultural management strategies which may include sanitation, moisture management, and manure removal.

Selection, resistance risk assessment, and reversion toward susceptibility of pyriproxyfen in Musca domestica L.

“…M. domestica is also responsible for the transmission of more than 100 pathogens of humans and livestock (Förster et al 2007;Kumar et al 2013). Hot, humid environment and large manure heaps serve as ideal breeding source for M. domestica (Acevedo et al 2009;Khan et al 2012). High population density of M. domestica in poultry farms causes economic losses through deteriorating quality of poultry products (Acevedo et al 2009;Moon et al 2001).…”

Fungi in housefly (Musca domestica L.) as a disease risk indicator—A case study in South Africa

“…Food for human consumption must always be covered to prevent flies from settling on it. Houseflies could also be controlled effectively by the elimination of breeding habitats (Khan et al, 2012;Malik et al, 2007). Another approach could be the use of fly traps to reduce the number of adult flies inside buildings and outdoor.…”

Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan larva Musca domestica Linnaeus (Diptera: Muscidae) dalam beberapa jenis kotoran ternak

“…Areal peternakan merupakan lingkungan tempat lalat rumah dapat ditemukan dalam jumlah banyak (Koesharto et al 1986;Arif 2011;Budiarti 2012;Khan et al 2012). Melimpahnya limbah organik hewan ternak menyediakan tempat bertelur dan menjadi media tumbuh bagi larva lalat rumah terutama pada daerah-daerah dengan suhu dan kelembaban udara tinggi (Learmount et al 2002).…”

“…tipe kotoran ternak (Patricia & Claudio 2008;Khan et al 2012) bergantung pada faktor nutrisi dan phagostimulant (Myers et al 2008). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa larva yang hidup pada kotoran kuda memiliki durasi perkembangan larva paling singkat, yaitu selama 5 hari.…”

“…Menurut Stafford et al (2008), pada kondisi lingkungan bersuhu ±25; berkelembaban ±70%, lama perkembangan larva M. domestica adalah 7 hingga 10 hari. Perkembangan larva M. domestica yang singkat pada kotoran kuda yang ditemukan pada penelitian ini memiliki perbedaan dengan hasil yang diperoleh oleh Patricia & Claudio (2008) serta Khan et al (2012). Waktu perkembangan yang singkat ini diikuti dengan tingkat mortalitas larva yang tinggi, terutama pada awal masa larva (pengamatan pribadi) serta ukuran pupa yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan larva yang dipelihara pada kotoran ternak lainnya.…”