Effect of lithium chloride on the density and dynamic viscosity of choline chloride/urea deep eutectic solvent in the temperature range (303.15–358.15) K

Densities, Viscosities, and Electrical Conductivities of Pure Anhydrous Reline and Its Mixtures with Water in the Temperature Range (293.15 to 338.15) K

“…Available temperature-dependent measurements run essentially parallel to the present data, with those of Xie et al, Ciocirlan et al, Yadav and Pandey, Chemat et al, Dhingra et al, in moderate (0.09 ≤ 100δ ≤ 0.14, −0.21 ≤ 100δ ≤ −0.15, −0.35 ≤ 100δ ≤ 0.05, 0.09 ≤ 100δ ≤ 0.14, −0.43 ≤ 100δ ≤ 0.08) and those of Haghbakhsh and Raeissi, Leron and Li, Shekaari et al in very good agreement (−0.01 ≤ 100δ ≤ 0.01, 0.02 ≤ 100δ ≤ 0.09, 0.02 ≤ 100δ ≤ 0.06) with the present fit (Figure ). Most of the authors quoted above prepared reline from reagents with a purity of at least >98%, some used commercially available material. , …”

“…(b) Corresponding relative deviation, δ, from the fit. Also included are the data (a) and their deviation from the present fit (b) of Haghbakhsh and Raeissi (△), Leron and Li (●), Xie et al (▷), Yadav and Pandey (▽), Chemat et al (□), Dhingra et al (◁), and Shekaari et al (+), and those digitized from Figure 1 given in the paper by Ciocirlan et al (⊞) . The bold dashed line in (b) indicates δ = 0.…”

“…Since reline can be easily synthesized from ingredients of high purity and is even commercially available (Scionix Ltd.) this DES was studied by a significant number of groups. ,,− For ease of comparison we show in Figure only literature data with deviations |100δ| ≤ 0.5. More strongly deviating data sets are displayed in Figure S4.…”

“…Dynamic viscosities, η­( x 1 , T ), of pure reline and its mixtures with water, determined in the temperature range (293.15 to 338.15) K, are summarized in Table . Figure shows the data for the pure DES, together with literature values obtained with rolling ball ,,, and Ubbelohde viscometers. Results obtained with other types of instruments ,,,,− are displayed in Figure S5.…”

“…(b) Corresponding relative deviation, δ, from the fit. Also included are the data obtained with rolling ball ,,, and Ubbelohde viscometers (a) and their deviation from the present fit (b) of Xie et al (▷), Yadav and Pandey (△), Dhingra et al (◁), Shekaari et al (+), and those digitized from Figure 2 given in the paper by Ciocirlan et al (⊞) . The dashed red line in (a) represents the viscosity of reline with w (H 2 O) = 0.01 predicted from the present data for reline/water mixtures; the corresponding dashed red line in (b), its deviation from our fit to the pure-reline data (see text for the details).…”