Effect of lipo-chitooligosaccharide on early growth of C<sub>4</sub>grass seedlings

Tanaka, Kiwamu; Cho, Sung Hwan; Lee, Hyeyoung; Pham, An T.; Batek, Josef; Cui, Shiqi; Qiu, Jing; Khan, Saad; Joshi, Trupti; Zhang, Zhanyuan J.; Xu, Dong; Stacey, Gary

doi:10.1093/jxb/erv260

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Small LCOs have recently been shown to produce an increase in root growth in maize [38]. We found that the transcriptional plant response to the chitin 4mer overlapped with the transcriptional response observed in maize in this previous study, especially regarding the over-represented gene families related to nutrient and ion transport, embryogenesis, secondary metabolism and gluconeogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Short-Chain Chitin Oligomers: Promoters of Plant Growth

et al. 2017

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Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature after cellulose, and it forms an integral part of insect exoskeletons, crustacean shells, krill and the cell walls of fungal spores, where it is present as a high-molecular-weight molecule. In this study, we showed that a chitin oligosaccharide of lower molecular weight (tetramer) induced genes in Arabidopsis that are principally related to vegetative growth, development and carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Based on plant responses to this chitin tetramer, a low-molecular-weight chitin mix (CHL) enriched to 92% with dimers (2mer), trimers (3mer) and tetramers (4mer) was produced for potential use in biotechnological processes. Compared with untreated plants, CHL-treated plants had increased in vitro fresh weight (10%), radicle length (25%) and total carbon and nitrogen content (6% and 8%, respectively). Our data show that low-molecular-weight forms of chitin might play a role in nature as bio-stimulators of plant growth, and they are also a known direct source of carbon and nitrogen for soil biomass. The biochemical properties of the CHL mix might make it useful as a non-contaminating bio-stimulant of plant growth and a soil restorer for greenhouses and fields.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Short-Chain Chitin Oligomers: Promoters of Plant Growth

et al. 2017

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“…Some LCOs are known to be active in influencing root development in monocot plants. Notably, LCO‐V(C18:1) triggers an increase in overall root surface in maize (Tanaka et al ., ) and the same sulphated and nonsulphated synthetic LCOs that we used promote LRF in rice (Sun et al ., ). Here, we show that a broad range of LCO structures are active on Brachypodium LRF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, NFs and Myc-LCOs also stimulate lateral root formation (LRF) in the model legume Medicago truncatula (Olah et al, 2005;Maillet et al, 2011) and in rice, a monocot species (Sun et al, 2015). LCO-mediated root growth stimulation was also observed in maize and Setaria (Tanaka et al, 2015). The LRF response is believed to be related to symbiosis because young lateral roots (LRs) are preferential sites of AM fungal colonisation and the response is CSSP-dependent in M. truncatula (Gutjahr & Paszkowski, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipo‐chitooligosaccharides promote lateral root formation and modify auxin homeostasis in Brachypodium distachyon

et al. 2018

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Summary Lipo‐chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) are microbial symbiotic signals that also influence root growth. In Medicago truncatula, LCOs stimulate lateral root formation (LRF) synergistically with auxin. However, the molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon and whether it is restricted to legume plants are not known. We have addressed the capacity of the model monocot Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) to respond to LCOs and auxin for LRF. For this, we used a combination of root phenotyping assays, live‐imaging and auxin quantification, and analysed the regulation of auxin homeostasis genes. We show that LCOs and a low dose of the auxin precursor indole‐3‐butyric acid (IBA) stimulated LRF in Brachypodium, while a combination of LCOs and IBA led to different regulations. Both LCO and IBA treatments locally increased endogenous indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) content, whereas the combination of LCO and IBA locally increased the endogenous concentration of a conjugated form of IAA (IAA‐Ala). LCOs, IBA and the combination differentially controlled expression of auxin homeostasis genes. These results demonstrate that LCOs are active on Brachypodium roots and stimulate LRF probably through regulation of auxin homeostasis. The interaction between LCO and auxin treatments observed in Brachypodium on root architecture opens interesting avenues regarding their possible combined effects during the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.

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“…Further evidence of LCOs acting as generalized positive regulators of growth was demonstrated when seedlings of the C4 monocot Zea mays (maize) treated with 10 nM LCO showed significant increases in lateral root lengths (Tanaka et al 2015). Transcriptional expression analysis revealed changes in gene expression in response to LCO; genes involved in transcriptional regulation and secondary metabolism were upregulated and stress response genes were down-regulated.…”

Section: Bacteria Enhance Plant Nutrient Acquisition and Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining plant growth promoting rhizobacteria molecular and biochemical networks in beneficial plant-microbe interactions

2018

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Background Our knowledge of plant beneficial bacteria in the rhizosphere is rapidly expanding due to intense interest in utilizing these types of microbes in agriculture. Laboratory and field studies consistently document the growth, health and protective benefits conferred to plants by applying plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR exert their influence on other species, including plants, in the rhizosphere by producing a wide array of extracellular molecules for communication and defense. Scope The types of PGPR molecular products are characteristically diverse, and the mechanisms by which they are acting on the plant are only beginning to be understood. While plants may contribute to shape their microbiome, it is these bacterial products which induce beneficial responses in plants. PGPR extracellular products can directly stimulate plant genetic and molecular pathways, leading to increases in plant growth and induction of plant resistance and tolerance. This review will discuss known PGPR-derived molecules, and how these products are implicated in inducing plant beneficial outcomes through complex plant response mechanisms. Conclusions In order to move PGPR research to the next level, it will be important to describe and document the genetic and molecular mechanisms employed in these interactions. In this way, we will be able to restructure and harness these mechanisms in a way that allows for broad-based applications in agriculture. A greater depth of understanding of how these PGPR molecules are acting on the plant will allow more effective development of rhizobacterial applications in the field.

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Effect of lipo-chitooligosaccharide on early growth of C₄grass seedlings

Abstract: HighlightLipochitooligosaccharide (LCOs) are important molecules for plant-microbe symbiosis but can also serve as plant growth regulators. This study shows that LCO addition induces the expression of genes involved in root growth promotion in C4 grasses.

Cited by 42 publications

References 66 publications

Short-Chain Chitin Oligomers: Promoters of Plant Growth

Short-Chain Chitin Oligomers: Promoters of Plant Growth

Lipo‐chitooligosaccharides promote lateral root formation and modify auxin homeostasis in Brachypodium distachyon

Defining plant growth promoting rhizobacteria molecular and biochemical networks in beneficial plant-microbe interactions

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Effect of lipo-chitooligosaccharide on early growth of C4grass seedlings

Abstract: HighlightLipochitooligosaccharide (LCOs) are important molecules for plant-microbe symbiosis but can also serve as plant growth regulators. This study shows that LCO addition induces the expression of genes involved in root growth promotion in C4 grasses.

Cited by 42 publications

References 66 publications

Short-Chain Chitin Oligomers: Promoters of Plant Growth

Short-Chain Chitin Oligomers: Promoters of Plant Growth

Lipo‐chitooligosaccharides promote lateral root formation and modify auxin homeostasis in Brachypodium distachyon

Defining plant growth promoting rhizobacteria molecular and biochemical networks in beneficial plant-microbe interactions

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Effect of lipo-chitooligosaccharide on early growth of C₄grass seedlings