Effect of lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, macro minerals and trace elements on eczema

Abstract

The exact etiology and pathogenesis of eczema are not yet fully understood, although different factors are considered as pathogenic mechanisms in the development of eczema. Our study was designed to determine extent of serum lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, macro minerals and trace elements in patients with eczema, and thereby, find any pathophysiological correlation. The study was conducted as a case-control study with 65 eczema patients as cases and 65 normal healthy individuals as controls. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by measuring the serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Antioxidants- vitamin A and E concentration was determined by RP-HPLC method whereas vitamin C was evaluated for serum ascorbic acid by UV spectrophotometric method. Serum macro minerals (Na, K, Ca) and trace elements (Zn, Fe) were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). This study found significantly higher level of MDA (p < 0.001) and lower level of antioxidants (p < 0.05) in patients in comparison to the control subjects. Analysis of serum macro minerals (Na, K and Ca) and trace elements (Zn, Fe) found that the mean values of Na, K, Ca, Zn and Fe were 2771.60 ± 75.64, 66.33 ± 3.03, 48.41 ± 2.50, 0.30 ± 0.02 and 0.29 ± 0.009 mg/L for the patient group and 3284.81 ± 34.51, 162.18 ± 3.72, 87.66 ± 2.10, 0.75 ± 0.06 and 0.87 ± 0.06 mg/L for the control group, accordingly. There was a significant difference for all the minerals between the patients and controls (p < 0.001). This study suggests a strong association between the pathogenesis of eczema with the elevated level of MDA and depleted level of antioxidants, macro minerals, and trace elements.

Zinc and atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…. Fifteen studies were included in the review: 11 case–control, 1 cross‐sectional, 1 cohort, and 1 RCT, as well as 1 study that combined a case–control study with a subsequent RCT …”

“…Three studies were from the United Kingdom; two each from Hong Kong, South Korea, Turkey and Japan; and one each from Bangladesh, Egypt and Italy. Nine studies included only children, three included only adults, and two included children and adults . Only three studies included participants over the age of 35 years, and only two studies focused on children aged under 5 years .…”

“…Ten studies determined zinc concentration from serum, [26][27][28][29][30][32][33][34]36,37 three from hair, 30,38,40 two from erythrocytes 34,35 and one from leucocytes and plasma. 31 In terms of instruments, seven studies used atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), [26][27][28]30,31,34,36 four used inductively coupled mass spectrophotometry (ICP-MS), 32,33,37,40 two used protoninduced x-ray emission (PIXE) 29,38 and one used mass spectrophotometry but did not specify the type. 35…”

“…Nine studies included only children, [27][28][29][30]32,33,35,38,40 three included only adults, 31,36,37 and two included children and adults. 26,34 Only three studies included participants over the age of 35 years, 31,36,37 and only two studies focused on children aged under 5 years. 27,35 The proportion of male cases ranged from 35.6% to 66.7%, and male controls ranged from 49.0% to 65.9%.…”

Association of oxidative stress and dynamic thiol-disulphide homeostasis with atopic dermatitis severity and chronicity in children: a prospective study

“…and Sivaranjani et al . found higher malondialdehyde (MDA) levels but lower levels of antioxidants in patients with AD versus HCs in case–control studies . Chung et al .…”