Effect of levofloxacin, pazufloxacin, enrofloxacin, and meloxicam on the immunolocalization of ABCG-2 transporter protein in rabbit retina

Abstract

Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) sub-family G member-2 (ABCG-2) is a transporter protein, implicated for multi-drug efflux from tissues. This study evaluated the effect of fluoroquinolones; levofloxacin, pazufloxacin and enrofloxacin, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, meloxicam; on the immunolocalization of ABCG-2 transporter protein of rabbit retinas. Thirty-two male rabbits were randomly divided in to eight groups. Control group was gavaged, 2% benzyl alcohol in 5% dextrose since these chemicals are excipients of the drug preparations used in the treatment groups of this study. Four groups were exclusively gavaged, levofloxacin hemihydrate (10 mg/kg body weight b.i.d 12 h), pazufloxacin mesylate (10 mg/kg body weight b.i.d 12 h), enrofloxacin (20 mg/kg body weight o.d.), and meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg body weight o.d.), respectively. Three other groups were co-gavaged meloxicam with above fluoroquinolones, respectively. These drugs were administered for 21 days. ABCG-2 immunolocalization was mild in the retinas of control and levofloxacin-alone-treated groups. The immunolocalization intensity was significantly higher in meloxicam-alone-treated group when compared to control and levofloxacin-alone-treated groups. Immunolocalization of this transporter increased in the levofloxacin-meloxicam co-treated group when compared to the levofloxacin-alone-treated group. Highest immunolocalization was observed in the enrofloxacin-meloxicam co-treated group although the immunolocalization of all treatment groups, except the levofloxacin-alone-treated group, was significantly higher than the control and levofloxacin-alone-treated groups.

Sustainable waste management and recycling of Zn–Al layered double hydroxide after adsorption of levofloxacin as a safe anti-inflammatory nanomaterial

“…32 Levooxacin is not only used as an antibacterial or anti-inammatory material but is also used with meloxicam in a combined treatment in order to enhance the immunolocalization of the ABCG-2 transporter protein found in rabbit retinas (adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) sub-family G member-2 (ABCG-2)) which is involved in multi-drug efflux from tissues. 33 So, in the present study we aim to remove levooxacin present in wastewater effluent by loading it on a Zn-Al LDH, thereby eliminating the threat of antibiotic resistance, and utilize the formed novel nanocomposite to sustain release, improve the activity and avoid the risks associated with dose escalation to obtain the desired anti-inammatory action. Despite the prevailing opinion that the therapeutic effect of drugs is concentration dependent, the anti-inammatory action was improved by the levooxacin nanocomposite even though the amount loaded on the Zn-Al LDH was lower than that of pure levooxacin used during in vivo experiments.…”

"Development of a rapid capillary zone electrophoresis method to quantify Levofloxacin and Meloxicam from transdermal therapeutic systems "

“…At the administration of MLX, a significant decrease of plasma antioxidant activity occurs and also when LVF is co-administered with MLX in rabbits; the body weight of the rabbits was not influenced [14]. Other similar studies present the effects on oxidative balance in blood and the immunolocalisation of ABCG-2 transporter protein in rabbit retina [15,16]. Another research shows that co-administration of MLX with ofloxacin in goats does not require any adjustment in dosage regimens, but in another study addressed on cross-bred calves, it is recommended the change of LVF dosage when is co-administered with MLX [17,18].…”

Synthesis and antibacterial activity evaluation of N (7) position-modified balofloxacins

“…Fourth-generation quinolones, such as balofloxacin (Ansari et al, 2021;El-Azazy et al, 2021), moxifloxacin (Celebi and Onerci Celebi, 2021;Chen and Chang, 2021), and pazufloxacin (Khan et al, 2018), have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and play an important role in anti-infective chemotherapy. With the emergence of multidrugresistant bacterial strains (Alzahrani et al, 2022), the required working doses of these compounds are increasing, but patient tolerance of these drugs is relatively low.…”