Effect of Leaking Natural Gas Upon the Soil

Schollenberger, C. J.

doi:10.1097/00010694-193004000-00002

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The main reason was that the gas leakage only lasted 8 h per day in the experiment of Smith et al ., however, the gas leakage was continuous for 24 h a day in the experiment of this study and Smith et al . The spatial range of visible stress was generally 0.5 m to 1 m diameter, which was consistent with the results reported by other researchers …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Detecting bean stress response to CO₂ leakage with the utilization of leaf and canopy spectral derivative ratio

et al. 2014

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Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is one of the critical techniques for mitigating global climate warming which can capture and store the CO2 released during industrial processes into deep geological sites. However, there is a possible risk that the CO2 might leak from under the ground. Therefore, it is important that CO2 leakage spots on the surface of sequestration fields be detected at large scale and on a long‐term basis. The purpose of this study was to design a new model to identify CO2 leakage spots through monitoring the spectral change of vegetation on the surface of the sequestration fields. A field simulation experiment was performed at the Sutton Bonington campus of the University of Nottingham to collect the leaf and canopy reflectance of beans, which grew in soil with different levels of CO2 concentration. Visible symptoms of bean stress caused by CO2 leakage may include the reducing bean vigor and the bean leaves turning yellow. The canopy spectra and leaf spectra were processed by a smoothing, continuum removal and first derivative method. We found that, while the CO2 concentration of the soil increased, the sum of the first derivative reflectance in the 500–550 nm (SDg) increased and that in the 680–760 nm (SDr) decreased gradually compared with that of the control plots. Moreover, the newly developed ratio index SDr/SDg can be effectively used to distinguish gassed and ungassed beans at both leaf and canopy scales. Significant correlation was found between the SPAD values and the SDr/SDg indices (R2 = 0.5687, n = 197). This study indicates that hyperspectral remote sensing techniques can be used to detect CO2 leaking spots by investigating the spectral change of vegetation reflectance in the sequestration fields.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Detecting bean stress response to CO₂ leakage with the utilization of leaf and canopy spectral derivative ratio

et al. 2014

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“…They found that phytotoxic concentrations of methanol and formic acid could be produced in soil-air containing a level of between 30 and 55% CH 4 . The effects on plants subjected to natural gas leakage into the surrounding soil include restricted growth and reproduction, and decreased numbers of individuals (Adams and Ellis, 1960;Arthur et al, 1985;Godwin et al, 1990;Pysek and Pysek, 1989), or a change in the green colour of the leaves (Arthur et al, 1985;Pysek and Pysek, 1989;Scholenberger, 1930). Pysek and Pysek (1989) also found a shift in developmental stage in potato, sunflower and maize, deformation of underground organs, increased stomatal numbers and changes in the reflectance spectrum of the canopy showing a decrease in reflectance in the near-infrared.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Facility to Investigate Effects of Elevated Soil Gas Concentration on Vegetation

Smith

Colls

Steven

2005

Water Air Soil Pollut

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A facility has been developed at the University of Nottingham at which natural gas can be injected into soil to investigate the effects on the soil ecology and on the growth and development of plants. The facility involves 18 plots, 12 of which are equipped with a regulated and metered gas supply. The gas is released from a diffusive point source 1 m below the centre of each plot. Permanent pasture grass, wheat and bean were gassed from gas was injected into additional plots of each species to determine the effects of a new leak on a fully established crop. Spatial and temporal variability of soil gas concentrations were determined by two complementary methods. First, by daily extraction of soil gas samples from permanently buried sample pipes that come to diffusive equilibrium with the adjacent soil gas concentration. Second, by intermittent extraction of soil gas samples from bar holes inserted on a 50-cm grid. Contour plots of spatial variation were then constructed from the bar hole data.Methane (CH 4 ) concentrations near the centres of the plots were variable. They could reach values of up to 80% gas, but decreased rapidly away from the area of peak concentration. No relationship was found between gas flow rate or soil gas concentration and atmospheric pressure or other meteorological parameters. Soil structure affected gas dispersion, and an inverse relationship was found between CH 4 and O 2 concentrations.The grass showed visible symptoms within 44 days, whereas wheat and bean developed symptoms after four months. These symptoms included a circle of chlorosis in grass and poor development and leaf chlorosis for the wheat and bean. When the same species were gassed from mid-May; the wheat and bean showed no visible symptoms but the late-gassed grass also developed a further circle of yellowing.

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“…Other causes of damage are mentioned in literature as being partly a consequence of this lack of oxygen, like the occurrence of toxic, reduced components in the soil. Schollenberger (1930) found an increase of exchangeable Mn 2+ up to 18 % of the exchangeable cations. Strongly increased Mn 2+ and Fe 2+ contents were also found by Adams & Ellis (1960) and Kuhne & Koster (1967).…”

Section: Prefacementioning

confidence: 87%

“…Schollenberger (1930) and later Adams & Ellis (1960) found an increase in organic matter content and an increase in water retention of the soil. The desiccating effect of natural gas on the soil has also been mentioned as a possible cause of damage (Bray, 1958).…”

Section: Prefacementioning

confidence: 88%

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Effect of Leaking Natural Gas on Soil and Vegetation in Urban Areas

Hoeks¹

1975

Soil Science

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Effect of Leaking Natural Gas Upon the Soil

Cited by 32 publications

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Detecting bean stress response to CO₂ leakage with the utilization of leaf and canopy spectral derivative ratio

Detecting bean stress response to CO₂ leakage with the utilization of leaf and canopy spectral derivative ratio

A Facility to Investigate Effects of Elevated Soil Gas Concentration on Vegetation

Effect of Leaking Natural Gas on Soil and Vegetation in Urban Areas

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Effect of Leaking Natural Gas Upon the Soil

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Detecting bean stress response to CO2 leakage with the utilization of leaf and canopy spectral derivative ratio

Detecting bean stress response to CO2 leakage with the utilization of leaf and canopy spectral derivative ratio

A Facility to Investigate Effects of Elevated Soil Gas Concentration on Vegetation

Effect of Leaking Natural Gas on Soil and Vegetation in Urban Areas

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Product

Resources

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Detecting bean stress response to CO₂ leakage with the utilization of leaf and canopy spectral derivative ratio

Detecting bean stress response to CO₂ leakage with the utilization of leaf and canopy spectral derivative ratio