Effect of Leaking Natural Gas on Soil and Vegetation in Urban Areas

Hoeks, J.

doi:10.1097/00010694-197510000-00022

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…The significance of this microbial activity in shallow soils has been reported by many investigators (Adamse et al, 1972;Hoeks, 1972Hoeks, , 1983Mancinelli et al, 1981;Harriss et al, 1982;Keller et al, 1983;Conrad, 1984;Mancinelli and McKay, 1985;Striegl and Ishii, 1989;Bogner et al, 1990;Jones, 1992). Oxygen is consumed in accordance with:…”

Section:  mentioning

confidence: 60%

Environmental Impacts of Solid Waste Landfilling

El‐Fadel

Findikakis

Leckie

1997

Journal of Environmental Management

512

255

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Section:  mentioning

confidence: 60%

Environmental Impacts of Solid Waste Landfilling

El‐Fadel

Findikakis

Leckie

1997

Journal of Environmental Management

512

255

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“…Hoeks (1972b) found that in urban regions the diameter of the gas zones of the majority of gas leakages varied between 4 and 12 m (under pavements) and that the extent of the O 2 influx and the anaerobic gas zone depended on the extent of the pavement or cover. Adams and Ellis (1960), suggested that the zone of influence in cultivated soils saturated with natural gas rarely extends beyond a few feet (<1 m).…”

Section: Measurement Of Soil Methane Concentration and Zone Of Influencementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Methane oxidising activity, with a decrease in soil O 2 and an increase in soil biomass, has been demonstrated around leaks in natural gas pipes (Adams and Ellis, 1960;Adamse et al, 1972). Arthur et al (1985), Gilman et al (1982) and Hoeks (1972b) found that elevated CH 4 concentrations were associated with depleted O 2 of between 0 and 12% and elevated CO 2 concentrations of up to 35% in the soil atmosphere.…”

Section: Effect Of Bacterial Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was initially expected that gas from the release point would migrate isotropically through the soil profile creating a spherically symmetric gas plume as suggested by Hoeks (1972b). Hoeks (1972b) found that in urban regions the diameter of the gas zones of the majority of gas leakages varied between 4 and 12 m (under pavements) and that the extent of the O 2 influx and the anaerobic gas zone depended on the extent of the pavement or cover.…”

Section: Measurement Of Soil Methane Concentration and Zone Of Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methane per se has not been shown to be toxic to plants, and aerial contact of plants with natural gas has not been shown to have any harmful effects- Gustafson (1944) found that a range of species showed no signs of altered growth or epinasty (a change in the angle between the petiole and the stem) when exposed to concentrations of 2% CH 4 in air for up to 21 days. It has been suggested that the main damaging effect on plant growth of natural gas leaking from pipelines into the soil is due to the displacement of soil O 2 (Arthur et al, 1985;Gilman et al, 1982;Hoeks, 1972b;Smith, 2002) and this effect may be compounded by the oxidation of leaking CH 4 by methanotrophic bacteria that utilise the CH 4 present in natural gas as a carbon-based energy source (Hanson and Hanson, 1996). However, Meissner et al (1999) suggest that the effect may be more complicated than simple displacement of O 2 by the CH 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Facility to Investigate Effects of Elevated Soil Gas Concentration on Vegetation

Smith

Colls

Steven

2005

Water Air Soil Pollut

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A facility has been developed at the University of Nottingham at which natural gas can be injected into soil to investigate the effects on the soil ecology and on the growth and development of plants. The facility involves 18 plots, 12 of which are equipped with a regulated and metered gas supply. The gas is released from a diffusive point source 1 m below the centre of each plot. Permanent pasture grass, wheat and bean were gassed from gas was injected into additional plots of each species to determine the effects of a new leak on a fully established crop. Spatial and temporal variability of soil gas concentrations were determined by two complementary methods. First, by daily extraction of soil gas samples from permanently buried sample pipes that come to diffusive equilibrium with the adjacent soil gas concentration. Second, by intermittent extraction of soil gas samples from bar holes inserted on a 50-cm grid. Contour plots of spatial variation were then constructed from the bar hole data.Methane (CH 4 ) concentrations near the centres of the plots were variable. They could reach values of up to 80% gas, but decreased rapidly away from the area of peak concentration. No relationship was found between gas flow rate or soil gas concentration and atmospheric pressure or other meteorological parameters. Soil structure affected gas dispersion, and an inverse relationship was found between CH 4 and O 2 concentrations.The grass showed visible symptoms within 44 days, whereas wheat and bean developed symptoms after four months. These symptoms included a circle of chlorosis in grass and poor development and leaf chlorosis for the wheat and bean. When the same species were gassed from mid-May; the wheat and bean showed no visible symptoms but the late-gassed grass also developed a further circle of yellowing.

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Detecting bean stress response to CO₂ leakage with the utilization of leaf and canopy spectral derivative ratio

et al. 2014

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Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is one of the critical techniques for mitigating global climate warming which can capture and store the CO2 released during industrial processes into deep geological sites. However, there is a possible risk that the CO2 might leak from under the ground. Therefore, it is important that CO2 leakage spots on the surface of sequestration fields be detected at large scale and on a long‐term basis. The purpose of this study was to design a new model to identify CO2 leakage spots through monitoring the spectral change of vegetation on the surface of the sequestration fields. A field simulation experiment was performed at the Sutton Bonington campus of the University of Nottingham to collect the leaf and canopy reflectance of beans, which grew in soil with different levels of CO2 concentration. Visible symptoms of bean stress caused by CO2 leakage may include the reducing bean vigor and the bean leaves turning yellow. The canopy spectra and leaf spectra were processed by a smoothing, continuum removal and first derivative method. We found that, while the CO2 concentration of the soil increased, the sum of the first derivative reflectance in the 500–550 nm (SDg) increased and that in the 680–760 nm (SDr) decreased gradually compared with that of the control plots. Moreover, the newly developed ratio index SDr/SDg can be effectively used to distinguish gassed and ungassed beans at both leaf and canopy scales. Significant correlation was found between the SPAD values and the SDr/SDg indices (R2 = 0.5687, n = 197). This study indicates that hyperspectral remote sensing techniques can be used to detect CO2 leaking spots by investigating the spectral change of vegetation reflectance in the sequestration fields.

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Effect of Leaking Natural Gas on Soil and Vegetation in Urban Areas

Cited by 23 publications

References 86 publications

Environmental Impacts of Solid Waste Landfilling

Environmental Impacts of Solid Waste Landfilling

A Facility to Investigate Effects of Elevated Soil Gas Concentration on Vegetation

Detecting bean stress response to CO₂ leakage with the utilization of leaf and canopy spectral derivative ratio

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Effect of Leaking Natural Gas on Soil and Vegetation in Urban Areas

Cited by 23 publications

References 86 publications

Environmental Impacts of Solid Waste Landfilling

Environmental Impacts of Solid Waste Landfilling

A Facility to Investigate Effects of Elevated Soil Gas Concentration on Vegetation

Detecting bean stress response to CO2 leakage with the utilization of leaf and canopy spectral derivative ratio

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Detecting bean stress response to CO₂ leakage with the utilization of leaf and canopy spectral derivative ratio