Effect of Larvicidal Extract N-Hexane Lime Leaves (Citrus hystrix) on Larva Instar III Mosquito (Culex quinquefasciatus)

Abstract

Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes are a vector of transmission of several types of diseases, such as filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, and dirofilariasis. Larval control is the key strategy of disease control programs caused by vectors around the world because it can prevent larvae to enter the adult stage. Control of mosquito larvae that are often used is chemically controlled. Citrus hystrix is a natural plant and contains chemical compounds that have biological activity, such as flavonoids, carotenoids, and limonoids. The present study aimed to determine the effect of citrus leaf extract (Citrus hystrix) on the mortality of the larva Culex quinquefasciatus. The method used in the current study was a laboratory experimental study method with the experimental design using a completely randomized design. The research plot carried out was the rearing larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus, the manufacture of citrus leaf extract, the manufacture of larvicidal material, and the observation phase after treatment. Extract N-hexane omplet name hystrix leaf has high toxicity because it contains essential oils, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, and Limonoids. The Optimal concentration of N-hexane extracts of citrus leaves that lead to larval mortality of Culex quinquefasciatus in vitro amounted to 93.33% on 4 hours of observation with a concentration of 4000 ppm. Extract N-hexane lime leaf has a larvicidal effect on the larva Culex quinquefasciatus in vitro.

Epidemiological Study on the Evaluation of Molecular and Immunological assay for the Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Women’s Abortion

“…According to the obtained results, 53.3% of infected women who lived in rural areas were in contact with cats, confirming that the main origin of infection could be having contact with cats either directly or through eating vegetables contaminated with the oocyst. Contacting livestock in rural areas and eating different types of meat could also be other risk factors as people are used to eating roast meat (locally called Kebab) which is usually undercooked (12,13).…”

Novel Point Mutations of the ace-1 Gene of Aedes aegypti Larva Treated with Methanolic Extract of Citrus hystrix

“…quinquefasciatus larvae in vitro at 93.33% after 4 hours of observation. 39 Nano emulsion of essential oil of C. hystrix showed larvicidal and pupicidal activity on larva and pupa of Ae. aegypti and it is more environmentally friendly than temephos.…”

“…quinquefasciatus larvae based on morphology and biochemistry, such as total glucose, triacylglyceride (TAG), protein, and AChE levels, indicated that the essential oil can significantly decreased AChE levels after exposure for 24 h. 28 Alkaloid can degrade the cell membrane of the digestive tract, and interfere with the nervous system of larvae by inhibiting AChE activities. 39 The mutations in the ace-1 gene in survived larvae may play a role in the detoxification of the poison content in the extract leading to the survival of larvae. The ace-1 mutation in the Anopheles gambiae mosquito population from Cameroon is associated with most mosquitoes being alive after carbamate exposure.…”