Effect of Irrigation Water Salinity on the Growth of Quinoa Plant Seedlings

Abstract

The experiment aimed to study the effect of the irrigation water quality on the growth of seedlings and its yield of quinoa plant through some traits i.e., plant height, number of leaves per plant, 1000 grains weight, dry weight per plant , stem diameter, inflorescence length and grain yield per plant. Four treatments were used as follow: T1 (low salinity water, EC 1.25 dS m -1 ), T2 (mix water between low salinity water and agricultural drainage water at ratio 1:1, EC 4 dS m -1 ), T3 (agricultural drainage water, EC 8 dS m -1 ) and T4 (high salinity water, EC 16 dS m -1 ). The treatments application was at the beginning of the plant buds so that the amount of irrigation water up to 75% from field capacity. The significant effects of treatments were found on all tested traits. Also, the results clarified that the rate of chlorophyll ranged between 44.18 (treatment T4) and 53.75 SPAD (treatment T3), water potential of the fourth leaf has ranged from -0.83 to -1.745 MPa for T1 and T3 treatments, respectively, number of leaves per plant was ranged between 26.5 and 28.5 when the plants were irrigated with T4 and T1 irrigation water treatments, respectively. The inflorescence lengths were varied between 8 cm at T4 treatment and 12 cm at T2 treatment. The plant height was ranged between 53.5 cm (T4) and 60.75 cm (T3). The low values of seed yield were recorded at T4 (17.05 g/plant) while the higher values were recorded with T2 treatment (34.08 g/plant). 1000-grain weight values were ranged between 2.97 g at T2 treatment, and 3.49 g at treatment T1.

Effects of Irrigation Systems and Water Stress With Low Water and Soil Quality on Quinoa Yield in Arid Conditions

“…The analysis of data also indicated that all the studied yield components have had a pronounced effect on the grain yield/plant as influenced by water salinity. The same trend was obtained by Algosaibi et al (2015). This indicates that the plant can tolerate salinity of up to 3 dS.m -1 without affecting its productivity, but if the salinity exceeds that, it leads to influence on some traits of growth and production.…”

Effect of Different Salt (NaCl) Concentrations on The Grain Yield and Some Yield Components of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

“…Bu nedenle, tuz oranı yüksek olan toprakların değerlendirilmesi ve bitkisel üretim miktarının artırılmasına yönelik çalışmalar gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Genel olarak bitki büyümesine doğrudan etki eden tuz, bitkinin su alım yeteneğini azaltırken; yapraklarda aşırı birikmesiyle, bitki yapraklarında hasara neden olmakta ve yeni sürgünlerin oluşumunu engellemektedir (Algosaibi et al, 2015). Kinoa bitkisinin diğer tahıl gruplarına oranla daha fazla tuza dayanım göstermesi; bir başka ifadeyle, farklı tuz yoğunluklarına sahip topraklarda yetişebilmesi, araştırıcıların ve üreticilerin dikkatini çekmiştir.…”

“…Genel olarak artan tuz yoğunluğuna bağlı olarak bitki boyunda azalma görülürken, yapılan araştırmalardan farklı sonuç elde eden araştırmacılar da olmuştur. Nitekim Algosaibi et al 2015), dört farklı tuz seviyesinde (1.25-4-8-16 dS m -1 ) yetiştirdikleri kinoda, 61 cm'lik en yüksek bitki boyunu 8 dS m -1 tuz yoğunluğunda, 53 ve 54 cm'lik en düşük boy değerlerini ise sırasıyla 4 ve 16 dS m -1 tuz seviyelerinde saptadıklarını bildirmişlerdir.…”

“…Çizelge 2'in BTA kısmı incelendiğinde, ortalama BTA değeri 5.40 g olarak bulunmuştur. Algosaibi et al (2015), dört faklı tuz yoğunluğunda (1.25-4-8 ve 16 dS m -1 ) kinoayla yapmış oldukları çalışmada, 3.49 g'lık en yüksek BTA'nın 1.25 dS m -1 tuz yoğunluğunda, 2.79 g'lık en düşük BTA'nın ise 4 dS m -1 tuz seviyesinde kaydedildiğini bildirmişlerdir. 8 ve 16 dS m -1 tuz seviyelerinde ise BTA'nın yaklaşık 3 g olduğunu ve bu iki seviye arasındaki farkın önemli olmadığını da vurgulamışlardır.…”

Tolerance Indices of Some Quinoa (Chenopodium Quinoa Wild) Genotypes under Different Salinity Levels

“…Furthermore, Pereira et al (2020) demonstrated that quinoa varieties represent a good source of bioactive compounds with antibacterial and antifungal activities [17]. The adaption of certain quinoa varieties is possible even under marginal environments where it is notified to be tolerant to many environmental stress conditions including salinity [15,[18][19][20]. Quinoa belongs to a halophyte with over 3000 accessions presenting a large scale of the diversity of salinity tolerance and other traits.…”