Effect of inter-layer dwell time on distortion and residual stress in additive manufacturing of titanium and nickel alloys

Denlinger, Erik R.; Heigel, Jarred C.; Michaleris, P.; Palmer, Todd

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.07.030

Cited by 373 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Denlinger et al [55] studied the effect of the inter-layer dwell time times (period whereby the laser is at rest) on distortion and residual stresses induced on titanium and nickel alloys during additive manufacturing. The dwell of 0, 20 and 40 s were used for each material while keeping all other processing parameters constant.…”

Section: Direct Laser Metal Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Rapid Solidification on the Thermophysical and Fatigue Properties of Laser Additive Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

Fatoba¹,

Akinlabi²,

Makhatha³

2017

Aluminium Alloys - Recent Trends in Processing, Characterization, Mechanical Behavior and Applications

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Modern industrial applications require materials with special surface properties such as high hardness, wear and corrosion resistance. The performance of material surface under wear and corrosion environments cannot be fulfilled by the conventional surface modifications and coatings. Therefore, different industrial sectors need an alternative technique for enhanced surface properties. The purpose of this is to change or enhance inherent properties of the materials to create new products or improve on existing ones. The most effective and economical engineering solution to prevent or minimize such surface region of a component is done by fiber lasers. Additive manufacturing (AM) is a breaking edge fabrication technique with the possibility of changing the perception of design and manufacturing as a whole. It is well suitable for the building and repairing applications in the aerospace industry which usually requires high level of accuracy and customization of parts which usually employ materials known to pose difficulties in fabrication such as titanium alloys. The current development focus of AM is to produce complex shaped functional metallic components, including metals, alloys and metal matrix composites (MMCs), to meet demanding requirements from aerospace, defense, and automotive industries.

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Section: Direct Laser Metal Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Rapid Solidification on the Thermophysical and Fatigue Properties of Laser Additive Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

Fatoba¹,

Akinlabi²,

Makhatha³

2017

Aluminium Alloys - Recent Trends in Processing, Characterization, Mechanical Behavior and Applications

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“…However, similarly to steel, the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion, volume, and hardness of the two Ti-6Al-4V phases alters the stress stress state of the material [21]. The effect of the stress relaxation on in situ distortion and residual stress in laser deposited Ti-6Al-4V has been experimentally investigated, by comparing the mechanical responses of Ti-6Al-4V workpieces to the response of Inconel R 625, a material that does not undergo an allotropic phase change [22]. Inter-layer dwell times were varied as previous work by Costa et al concluded that microstructure was highly dependent on dwell times [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of stress relaxation on distortion in additive manufacturing process modeling

Denlinger

Michaleris

2016

Additive Manufacturing

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124

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Please cite this article as: Erik R. Denlinger, Pan Michaleris, Effect of stress relaxation on distortion in additive manufacturing process modeling, (2016), http://dx. AbstractA method for modeling the effect of stress relaxation at high temperatures during Laser Direct Energy Deposition processes is experimentally validated for Ti-6Al-4V samples subject to different inter-layer dwell times. The predicted mechanical responses are compared to those of Inconel R 625 samples, which experience no allotropic phase transformation, deposited under identical process conditions. The thermal response of workpieces in additive manufacturing is known to be strongly dependent on dwell time. In this work the dwell times used vary from 0 to 40 s. Based on past research on ferretic steels and the additive manufacturing of titanium alloys it is assumed that the effect of transformation strain in Ti6Al-4V acts to oppose all other strain components, effectively eliminating all residual stress at temperatures above 690 • C. The model predicts that Inconel R 625 exhibits increasing distortion with decreasing dwell times but that Ti-6Al-4V displays the opposite behavior, with distortion dramatically decreasing with lowering dwell time. These predictions are accurate when compared *

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“…(1) and (2). Following the same procedure, the compressive stressstrain curves of the wrought and AM 304L stainless steels in different directions were obtained at different strain rates, which are plotted in Figs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…New AM processes that are LENS-like have been recently developed to create components at much higher deposition rates. Often as AM materials are created, residual stresses may occur and grain structures may change [2], which can lead to uncertainties in the mechanical behaviour of the material. Particularly, the AM materials may be utilized in abnormal mechanical environments where the materials are subjected to impact loading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic compressive response of wrought and additive manufactured 304L stainless steels

Nishida

Song

Maguire

et al. 2015

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has been developed to fabricate metal components that include complex prototype fabrication, small lot production, precision repair or feature addition, and tooling. However, the mechanical response of the AM materials is a concern to meet requirements for specific applications. Differences between AM materials as compared to wrought materials might be expected, due to possible differences in porosity (voids), grain size, and residual stress levels. When the AM materials are designed for impact applications, the dynamic mechanical properties in both compression and tension need to be fully characterized and understood for reliable designs. In this study, a 304L stainless steel was manufactured with AM technology. For comparison purposes, both the AM and wrought 304L stainless steels were dynamically characterized in compression Kolsky bar techniques. They dynamic compressive stress-strain curves were obtained and the strain rate effects were determined for both the AM and wrought 304L stainless steels. A comprehensive comparison of dynamic compressive response between the AM and wrought 304L stainless steels was performed. SAND2015-0993 C.

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Effect of inter-layer dwell time on distortion and residual stress in additive manufacturing of titanium and nickel alloys

Cited by 373 publications

References 14 publications

Influence of Rapid Solidification on the Thermophysical and Fatigue Properties of Laser Additive Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

Influence of Rapid Solidification on the Thermophysical and Fatigue Properties of Laser Additive Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

Effect of stress relaxation on distortion in additive manufacturing process modeling

Dynamic compressive response of wrought and additive manufactured 304L stainless steels

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