Processing Al2O3-TiC ceramics with excimer laser radiation is
accompanied by the formation of columnar structures that significantly
increase the surface roughness. Once nucleated, the surface structures may
grow towards the direction of laser beam propagation because the radiation is
reflected from the lateral column sides and concentrates between columns. The
origin of the column nucleators is the subject of controversial theories,
involving mechanisms from Raleigh-Taylor hydrodynamic instability to
capillary waves. We demonstrate that, for the case of initially inhomogeneous
ceramic microstructures, nucleator development may be described by
conventional fluid-dynamics phenomena. With a simple finite-difference scheme
(incorporating the conservation equations for alumina and titanium carbide
masses, momentum and internal energy) we trace the evolution of a single
cylindrical TiC grain at the surface of an alumina matrix. Though the fusion
temperature of TiC is higher than that of Al2O3, melting starts with
titanium carbide: due to its much higher absorptivity, radiation is absorbed
in an extremely thin upper layer of the TiC grain, which is heated up and
melted nearly instantly. The melting of TiC is accompanied by expansion, with
the tendency for small surface swellings to form a surface globule
similar to those observed experimentally.