Effect of intake on fasting heat production, respiratory quotient and plasma metabolites measured using the washed rumen technique

Kim, D. H.; McLeod, K. R.; Koontz, A. F.; Foote, Andrew P; Klotz, J. L.; Harmon, D. L.

doi:10.1017/s1751731114002183

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Higher CO 2 production compared with the present study was observed by Jonker et al (2018) where 623 g/day of CO 2 was produced, this resulted in more O 2 being consumed by the animals when in the PAC. Animals in their fasting state should have a RQ of approximately 0.73 ( Marston, 1939 ) or lower ( Cock et al, 1967 ; Kim et al, 2015 ). Jonker et al (2018) found a RQ of 0.56 for lambs; however, the RQ in this study was 0.66; which is low considering animals were not fully fasted and were only removed from feed for 1 h prior to measurement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of intra-day variability of gaseous measurements in sheep using portable accumulation chambers

Connor

McHugh

Boland

et al. 2021

Journal of Animal Science

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Portable accumulation chambers (PAC) enable short term spot measurements of gaseous emissions including methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) consumption from small ruminants. To date the differences in morning and evening gaseous measurements in the PAC have not been investigated. The objectives of this study were to investigate: 1) the optimal measurement time in the PAC, 2) the appropriate method of accounting for the animal’s size when calculating the animal’s gaseous output, and 3) the intra-day variability of gaseous measurements. A total of 12 ewe lambs (c. 10 to 11 months of age) were randomly selected each day from a cohort of 48 animals over nine consecutive days. Methane emissions from the 12 lambs were measured in 12 PAC during two measurement runs daily, AM (8 to 10 h) and PM (14 to 16 h). Animals were removed from Perennial ryegrass silage for at least 1 hour prior to measurements in the PAC and animals were assigned randomly to each of the 12 chambers. Methane (ppm) concentration, O2 and CO2 percentage were measured at 5 time points (T1 = 0.0 min, T2 = 12.5 min, T3 = 25.0 min, T4 = 37.5 min and T5 = 50.0 min from entry of the first animal into the first chamber) using an Eagle 2 monitor. The correlation between time points T5-T1 (i.e. 50 min minus 0 min after entry of the animal to the chamber) and T4-T1 was 0.95, 0.92 and 0.77 for CH4, O2 and CO2, respectively (P<0.01). The correlation between CH4 and CO2 output and O2 consumption, calculated with live-weight and with body volume was 0.99 (P<0.001). The correlation between the PAC measurement recorded on the same animal in the AM and PM measurement runs was 0.73. Factors associated with CH4 production included: day and time of measurement, the live-weight of the animal and the hourly relative humidity. Results from this study suggest that the optimal time for measuring an animal’s gaseous output in the PAC is 50 min, that live-weight should be used in the calculation of gaseous output from an animal and that the measurement of an animal’s gaseous emissions in either the AM or PM does not impact on the ranking of animals when gaseous emissions are measured using the feeding and measurement protocol outlined in the present study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of intra-day variability of gaseous measurements in sheep using portable accumulation chambers

Connor

McHugh

Boland

et al. 2021

Journal of Animal Science

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“…An average of 400 g extrusa was collected, which was stored in identified plastic bags and transported inside a Styrofoam box to the Animal Nutrition Laboratory/FCA/UFGD. After collecting the extrusa, the ruminal content was changed between the animals according to the diet change, with the purpose of reducing the adaptation period (KIM et al, 2014;OSMARI et al, 2017) Forage and supplement samples were analyzed for dry matter (DM: method 930.15), crude protein (PB: Nx6.25, method 984.13), ether extract (EE: method 920.39) and mineral matter (MM: 942.05) according to AOAC methodologies (2016). The contents of acid detergent fiber (ADF) were determined as described by Van Soest and Robertson (1999); lignin content (LIG) was obtained by oxidation with potassium permanganate (Van Soest and Wine, 1968).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusion of copaiba oil (Copaifera sp.) as additive in supplements for cattle on pasture

Lima

Goes

Gandra

et al. 2018

Rev. bras. saúde prod. anim.

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SUMMARY This study analyzed the effect of including copaiba oil as an additive for cattle supplemented on pasture, during the dry season. Four crossbred steers, castrated, with 245 ± 25 kg, aged about 18 months, fitted with permanent rumen cannula; were randomly assigned to a 4×4 Latin square. All animals were housed in individual paddocks (0.3 ha), uniformly covered with Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu, with through and drinking fountain; and were given a concentrate at 500g/100 kg BW containing 380 g/kg crude protein (%DM). The copaiba oil was added to the supplement as a spray, in the proportions of 0, 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg DM intake. Spraying supplementation was performed daily at the time of supply of the supplement. Data of intake and digestibility of nutrients, ruminal pH; ruminal ammonia nitrogen, and microbial protein synthesis were tested by analysis of variance and polynomial regression, adopting a significance level of 5%. The inclusion of copaiba oil quadratically affected total dry matter intake (P=0.030) and CP digestibility (P=0.043), without altering ruminal metabolism (P>0.05) and microbial protein synthesis (P>0.05) of the animals kept on pasture.

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“…More advanced microfluidic chips have been developed to incorporate other features of the intestine. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) endotoxin and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were added in the chip to model intestinal inflammation [126]. The complex community of both aerobic and anaerobic human gut microbiome could also be co-cultured with the human intestinal cells due to the oxygen gradient established by the flow of oxygenated medium in the lower channel inside an anaerobic chamber [127].…”

Section: Current In Vitro Models Of the Intestinementioning

confidence: 99%

Blood and Lymphatic Vasculatures On-Chip Platforms and Their Applications for Organ-Specific In Vitro Modeling

2020

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The human circulatory system is divided into two complementary and different systems, the cardiovascular and the lymphatic system. The cardiovascular system is mainly concerned with providing nutrients to the body via blood and transporting wastes away from the tissues to be released from the body. The lymphatic system focuses on the transport of fluid, cells, and lipid from interstitial tissue spaces to lymph nodes and, ultimately, to the cardiovascular system, as well as helps coordinate interstitial fluid and lipid homeostasis and immune responses. In addition to having distinct structures from each other, each system also has organ-specific variations throughout the body and both systems play important roles in maintaining homeostasis. Dysfunction of either system leads to devastating and potentially fatal diseases, warranting accurate models of both blood and lymphatic vessels for better studies. As these models also require physiological flow (luminal and interstitial), extracellular matrix conditions, dimensionality, chemotactic biochemical gradient, and stiffness, to better reflect in vivo, three dimensional (3D) microfluidic (on-a-chip) devices are promising platforms to model human physiology and pathology. In this review, we discuss the heterogeneity of both blood and lymphatic vessels, as well as current in vitro models. We, then, explore the organ-specific features of each system with examples in the gut and the brain and the implications of dysfunction of either vasculature in these organs. We close the review with discussions on current in vitro models for specific diseases with an emphasis on on-chip techniques.

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Effect of intake on fasting heat production, respiratory quotient and plasma metabolites measured using the washed rumen technique

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Investigation of intra-day variability of gaseous measurements in sheep using portable accumulation chambers

Investigation of intra-day variability of gaseous measurements in sheep using portable accumulation chambers

Inclusion of copaiba oil (Copaifera sp.) as additive in supplements for cattle on pasture

Blood and Lymphatic Vasculatures On-Chip Platforms and Their Applications for Organ-Specific In Vitro Modeling

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