Effect of Insulin on Yield and Composition of Milk of Dairy Cows

Schmidt, G.H.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(66)87878-5

Cited by 49 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This hormonal pattern is relatively consistent in cattle [4,148], sheep [149] and rats [150]. Despite the decrease of insulin, a role of this hormone in synthesis of the main milk constituents, particularly protein and lactose, in the bovine mammary gland was proposed more than 40 years ago [35]. Recent work has demonstrated a pivotal role of insulin in regulating milk protein synthesis both in the cow [39] and mouse [38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Another important role of energy is through the increase in insulin secretion as a consequence of greater dietary energy. A positive role of insulin in milk protein synthesis has long been recognized [35]. A strong positive effect of insulin on yield of milk protein was demonstrated in dairy cattle with chronically elevated insulinemia through the use of hypeinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp experiments (reviewed in [36]).…”

Section: Nutrition and Milk Protein Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Milk Protein Synthesis in the Lactating Mammary Gland: Insights from Transcriptomics Analyses

Bionaz¹,

Hurley²,

Loor³

2012

Milk Protein

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Nutrition and Milk Protein Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Protein Synthesis in the Lactating Mammary Gland: Insights from Transcriptomics Analyses

Bionaz¹,

Hurley²,

Loor³

2012

Milk Protein

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…; Kronfeld et al, 1963) (0.35 IU/kg BW, i.m. ;Schmidt, 1966) decreased both milk and lactose yields. In these studies, milk yield was restored following infusion of dextrose, suggesting that depression of milk yield is due to hypoglycaemia, not a direct effect of insulin per se.…”

Section: Effects On Milk Productionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Role of Exogenous Insulin in the Complex of Hepatic Lipidosis and Ketosis Associated with Insulin Resistance Phenomenon in Postpartum Dairy Cattle

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As a result of a marked decline in dry matter intake (DMI) prior to parturition and a slow rate of increase in DMI relative to milk production after parturition, dairy cattle experience a negative energy balance. Changes in nutritional and metabolic status during the periparturient period predispose dairy cattle to develop hepatic lipidosis and ketosis. The metabolic profile during early lactation includes low concentrations of serum insulin, plasma glucose, and liver glycogen and high concentrations of serum glucagon, adrenaline, growth hormone, plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate and non-esterified fatty acids, and liver triglyceride. Moreover, during late gestation and early lactation, flow of nutrients to fetus and mammary tissues are accorded a high degree of metabolic priority. This priority coincides with lowered responsiveness and sensitivity of extrahepatic tissues to insulin, which presumably plays a key role in development of hepatic lipidosis and ketosis. Hepatic lipidosis and ketosis compromise production, immune function, and fertility. Cows with hepatic lipidosis and ketosis have low tissue responsiveness to insulin owing to ketoacidosis. Insulin has numerous roles in metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Insulin is an anabolic hormone and acts to preserve nutrients as well as being a potent feed intake regulator. In addition to the major replacement therapy to alleviate severity of negative energy balance, administration of insulin with concomitant delivery of dextrose increases efficiency of treatment for hepatic lipidosis and ketosis. However, data on use of insulin to prevent these lipid-related metabolic disorders are limited and it should be investigated.

show abstract

“…The question of whether endogenous insulin stimulates mammary lipogenesis remains controversial. Injection of insulin can increase the concentration of milk fat (Schmidt, 1966), probably as a result of increased output of C^-Qs fatty acids (Marinez, Ricks «fe Cook, 1976). Conversely, it has been suggested that a raised level of insulin, caused by feeding cows high-concentrate rations, inhibits fat mobilization and diverts fatty acids into body tissues, thereby resulting in milk with a lower fat content in some animals (Rao, Hawkins & Smith, 1973).…”

Section: Insulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The substantially lower levels of milk fat in the low-yielding cows during year 1 would fit the latter explana¬ tion. The positive action of exogenous insulin on milk protein (Schmidt, 1966) is supported by the higher concentrations of protein in the milk of the low-yielding cattle.…”

Section: Insulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine Control of Energy Metabolism in the Cow: Comparison of the Levels of Hormones (Prolactin, Growth Hormone, Insulin and Thyroxine) and Metabolites in the Plasma of High- And Low-Yielding Cattle at Various Stages of Lactation

Hart¹,

Bines²,

Morant³

et al. 1978

Journal of Endocrinology

237

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To obtain information on the physiological mechanisms controlling the partition of dietary energy between body weight and milk production in lactating cattle, the concentrations of hormones (prolactin, growth hormone, insulin and thyroxine) and metabolites (glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, \g=b\-hydroxybutyric acid and l-lactic acid) in plasma obtained from eight high-yielding and seven low-yielding cows, matched for diet and stage of lactation, were compared. Blood samples were taken via a jugular catheter, throughout four 48 h periods at various times during lactation (days 40, 80, 120 and 180) and also when the animals were dry.The milk yield rose for 7 weeks after parturition, reaching peak values of 24\m=.\8and 10\m=.\1 kg/day in the high-and low-yielding groups respectively. The body weights of the l ow\ x=req-\ yielding animals rose steadily, whereas cows in the high-yielding group lost weight up to week 14 of lactation and thereafter gradually gained weight. No differences were found between the groups in the digestibility of the diets, although analysis of the rumen fluid indicated small differences in the proportions of volatile fatty acids. Milk analysis suggested that the protein content of milk obtained from low-yielding cows was greater than that of milk from high-yielding animals.Throughout lactation, the concentrations of growth hormone (P < 0\m=.\001), non-esterified fatty acids (P < 0\ m=. \ 01) and \g=b\-hydroxybutyric acid (P < 0\ m=. \ 05)were higher in the high-yielding than in the low-yielding group, whereas the concentration of insulin was higher (P < 0\ m=. \ 01) in the low-yielding animals. The level of thyroxine was higher (P < 0\ m=. \ 05) in the low-yielding group when the animals were dry. A comparison of peak lactation (days 40 and 80) with the dry period demonstrated that the concentration of prolactin was higher in both groups hi gh\x=req-\ yielding, P < 0\ m=. \ 01 ; low-yielding, P < 0\m=.\001) when the animals were dry and the concentration of thyroxine in the low-yielding cows was higher (P < 0\ m=. \ 01) when the animals were dry. Significant reductions in the concentrations of growth hormone (P < 0\m=.\001) and non-esterified fatty acids (P < 0\m=.\001) were accompanied by an increase in the concentration of glucose (P < 0\ m=. \ 01) when the high-yielding animals were dry.

show abstract

Effect of Insulin on Yield and Composition of Milk of Dairy Cows

Cited by 49 publications

References 9 publications

Milk Protein Synthesis in the Lactating Mammary Gland: Insights from Transcriptomics Analyses

Milk Protein Synthesis in the Lactating Mammary Gland: Insights from Transcriptomics Analyses

The Role of Exogenous Insulin in the Complex of Hepatic Lipidosis and Ketosis Associated with Insulin Resistance Phenomenon in Postpartum Dairy Cattle

Endocrine Control of Energy Metabolism in the Cow: Comparison of the Levels of Hormones (Prolactin, Growth Hormone, Insulin and Thyroxine) and Metabolites in the Plasma of High- And Low-Yielding Cattle at Various Stages of Lactation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About