Effect of including barley or molassed sugar beet feed in grass silage diets on their digestion by cattle and sheep

Rooke, J. A.; Rymer, C.; Maya, Faisal M; Armstrong, David G.

doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740580404

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The lower total rumen VFA is an indicator of lower ruminal fermentation of fiber that limited milk protein yield. Huhtanen [27], Rooke et al [36], and Chcster-Jones et al [20] previously showed that BP supports VFA concentrations in the rumen similar to those for corn and barley grain, whereas VFA concentrations decreased in some situations [6]. In addition, NFC sources that were used in the current experiment varied in their DM rate and extent degradability, support of microbial yield, and supply of protein to the small intestine because microbial CP yield is influenced by carbohydrate and nitrogen sources, rate of carbohydrate fermentation, bacterial growth rate, ruminal dilution rate, and pH [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different sources of carbohydrates on intake, digestibility, chewing, and performance of Holstein dairy cows

Poorkasegaran

Yansari

2014

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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To investigate the effects of different sources of carbohydrates on intake, digestibility, chewing, and performance, nine lactating Holstein dairy cows (day in milk= 100±21 d; body weight=645.7 ± 26.5 kg) were allotted to a 3 × 3 Latin square design at three 23-d periods. The three treatments included 34.91% (B), 18.87% (BC), and 18.86% (BB) barley that in treatment B was partially replaced with only corn or corn plus beet pulp in treatments BC and BB, respectively. The concentration of starch and neutral detergent soluble carbohydrate varied (22.2, 20.2, and 14.5; 13.6, 15.9, and 20.1% of DM in treatments B, BC, and BB, respectively). Cows in treatment BB showed a higher DMI and improved digestibility of DM, NDF, and EE compared with treatments B or BC. Ruminal pH was higher in cows fed on BB (6.83) compared with those that received B or BC treatments (6.62 and 6.73, respectively). A lower proportion of propionate accompanied the higher pH in the BB group; however, a greater proportion of acetate and acetate: propionate ratio was observed compared with cows fed either on the B or BC diet. Moreover, cows fed on the BB diet showed the lowest ruminal passage rate and longest ruminal and total retention time. Eating time did not differ among treatments, rumination time was greater among cows fed on the BB diet compared with the others, whereas total chewing activity was greater than those fed on BC, but similar to those fed on B. The treatments showed no effect on milk yield. Partially replacing barley with corn or beet pulp resulted in an increase in milk fat and a lower protein concentration. Changing dietary NFC with that of a different degradability thus altered intake, chewing activity, ruminal environment, retention time or passage rate, and lactation performance. The results of this study showed that beet pulp with a higher NDF and a detergent-soluble carbohydrate or pectin established a more consistent ruminal mat than barley and corn, thus resulting in higher mean retention time and chewing activity, whereas no changes in 3.5% FCM and milk fat were observed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different sources of carbohydrates on intake, digestibility, chewing, and performance of Holstein dairy cows

Poorkasegaran

Yansari

2014

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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“…When the concentrate comprises proportionally about 0-4 of the total DM, replacing starch with fibre in the concentrate sometimes decreases milk fat content (Thomas et al, 1986;Huhtanen, 1987;Ala-Seppala et al, 1988). Increasing the proportion of barley in a grass silage-based diet (Thomas, Chalmers, Chamberlain and Belibasakis, 1980;Jaakkola and Huhtanen, 1993) increased the molar proportion of butyrate in rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) whereas a replacement of barley with fibrous by-products increased propionate and decreased butyrate (Huhtanen, 1988 and; Rooke, Rymer, Maya and Armstrong 1992;Murphy et al, 1993). Increasing the proportion of barley in a grass silage-based diet (Thomas, Chalmers, Chamberlain and Belibasakis, 1980;Jaakkola and Huhtanen, 1993) increased the molar proportion of butyrate in rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) whereas a replacement of barley with fibrous by-products increased propionate and decreased butyrate (Huhtanen, 1988 and; Rooke, Rymer, Maya and Armstrong 1992;Murphy et al, 1993).…”

Section: Comparison Of Energy Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of concentrate energy source on the milk production of dairy cows given a grass silage-based diet

1995

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Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1357729800008109How to cite this article: P. Huhtanen, S. Jaakkola and E. Saarisalo (1995). The effects of concentrate energy source on the milk production of dairy cows given a grass silage-based diet. AbstractSixteen Finnish Ayrshire cows were used in a four period cyclic change-over experiment to evaluate eight concentrate supplements in a 2 X 2 X 2 factorial arrangement. Two concentrate energy sources (starchy and fibrous) were used, each given with two levels (0 and 180 g/kg on a dry-matter (DM) basis) ofrapeseed meal (RSM) and two levels (0 and 180g/kg on DM basis) of wet distillers' solubles (WDS). The starchy concentrate (S) comprised rolled barley and oats (1 :1). For the cows given the fibrous concentrate (F), 600 g/kg of the grain mixture was replaced with a mixture of fibrous by-products. Grass silage was offered ad libitum and the supplements offered at a rate of 9 kg/day (fresh weight). The cows offered F supplements consumed more silage DM than those offered S supplements (P < 0-01) but the difference in the total DM intake was smaller. The cows given S supplements produced slightly more milk than those given F supplement (26-5 v. 25-9 kg/day) but no differences were observed in the yield of milk constituents between the energy supplements. Replacing starch with fibre in the concentrate had no effect on the apparent digestibility of organic matter but tended to increase that of neutral-detergent fibre. Including RSM in the supplement increased total DM intake (P<0-05) and led to increases in the yield of milk and milk constituents (P < 0-001 and P < 0-01). Diet apparent digestibility was not affected by RSM supplementation. There were no significant interactions between concentrate energy source and RSM supplementation. Including WDS in the diet had no effect on food intake. Production responses to WDS supplementation varied with the concentrate energy source. WDS increased (at least P<0-05) milk yield (1-0 kg/day) and the yields of fat (76 g/day) and protein (48 g/day) when given with the starchy concentrate. With the fibrous concentrate WDS had no effect on milk and protein yield, and decreased fat yield by 52 g/day (P < 0-05). The positive responses in the yields of milk fat and protein to RSM and WDS supplementation were almost additive with the starchy concentrate. Inclusion of WDS in the diet increased the apparent digestibility of organic matter and gross energy.

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“…Ruminal liquid concentrations of N‐NH3 were affected by the treatments and were lowest in T1 and highest in T3. Other research has reported lower N‐NH3 concentrations in the rumen and lower CP degradability for cows fed BP than for cows fed corn or barley (Rooke et al., ). The efficiency of protein utilization by dairy cows is generally low.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Branched‐chain VFA was lower for T3 than for the other treatments, suggesting that proteolysis was reduced and that incorporation of branched‐chain amino acids into microbial protein was increased. Most studies indicate that BP supports VFA concentrations in the rumen similar to grain and forage (Clark and Armentano, ), but VFA concentrations have been slightly depressed in some situations (Rooke et al., ). Voelker and Allen () found that ration with 12% PBP had the largest VFA pool.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physically effectiveness of beet pulp‐based diets in dairy cows as assessed by responses of feed intake, digestibility, chewing activity and milk production

Yansari

2013

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Nine multiparous Holstein cows (DIM = 56 ± 5 day) were randomly assigned to three experimental diets containing fine-dried (T1), normal-dried (T2) and pelleted (T3) beet pulp (BP) at 12% on a dry matter basis in a 3 × 3 change over design in three 21 day periods to evaluate the effects of three types of BP. Bulk density, functional specific gravity and water-holding capacity of ration and intake were similar, but intake of physically effective fibre was different among treatments. Without significant differences, nutrients' digestibility in T1 trended to be higher than T2 and T3. Ruminal liquid pH and N-NH3 concentration were lower in T1 and higher in T3 than T2. Grinding and pelleting of BP increased and decreased volatile fatty acid concentration respectively. Grinding decreased acetate and propionate and increased butyrate and lactic acid. In contrary to pelleting, grinding of BP increased the particulate ruminal passage rate, but decreased ruminal mean retention time and lower compartment mean retention time. Pelleting of BP decreased ruminal passage rate, but increased ruminal mean retention time and lower compartment mean retention time. Grinding increased 5.64, 5.9 and 5.8% eating time, rumination and total chewing activity in comparison with normal BP respectively. Pelleting increased 2.7%, 16.3% and 10.0% eating time, rumination and total chewing activity in comparison with T2 respectively. Milk yield had no significant difference, but milk yield adjusted to 4% fat, and milk fat (kg/day), fat, protein, casein and total solid of milk (%) were affected by the treatments. Results from this experiment show that based on milk fat assay, grinding did not reduce effectiveness of BP, but pelleting significantly increased effectiveness of BP. In addition, based on total chewing activity, grinding did not reduce physically effectiveness of BP, but pelleting of BP increased its physically effectiveness.

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Effect of including barley or molassed sugar beet feed in grass silage diets on their digestion by cattle and sheep

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Effects of different sources of carbohydrates on intake, digestibility, chewing, and performance of Holstein dairy cows

Effects of different sources of carbohydrates on intake, digestibility, chewing, and performance of Holstein dairy cows

The effects of concentrate energy source on the milk production of dairy cows given a grass silage-based diet

Physically effectiveness of beet pulp‐based diets in dairy cows as assessed by responses of feed intake, digestibility, chewing activity and milk production

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